Gear: Face Width 10-100 mm, Pressure Angle 20° or 14.5°

Component Specifications

Definition

A gear is a rotating machine element with cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part to transmit torque and rotational motion. In a gear set, the smaller gear is called the pinion, and the larger is the gear. They are fundamental components in mechanical power transmission systems, converting speed and torque according to their gear ratio, which is determined by the number of teeth. Gears are critical for precise motion control, speed reduction or increase, and direction change in machinery.

Working Principle

Gears operate on the principle of positive engagement, where the teeth of one gear interlock with the teeth of another. As the driving gear (pinion) rotates, its teeth push against the teeth of the driven gear (gear), causing it to rotate in the opposite direction (for parallel shafts) or at an angle (for bevel gears). This mechanical engagement ensures a non-slip transmission of power, with the gear ratio (ratio of teeth) determining the output speed and torque relative to the input.

Materials

Common materials include alloy steels (e.g., AISI 4140, 4340 for high strength and wear resistance), carbon steels, stainless steels (e.g., for corrosion resistance), cast iron, bronze (e.g., for worm gears), and plastics (e.g., nylon, acetal for lightweight or low-noise applications). Material selection depends on load, speed, environment, and cost.

Technical Parameters

Parameter	Typical range	Notes & selection driver
Module	2-10 mm
Hardness	HRC 45-60 for steel gears
Face Width	10-100 mm
Gear Ratio	1:1 to 10:1 typical
Accuracy Grade	ISO 1328 Class 5-9
Pressure Angle	20° or 14.5°
Number Of Teeth	Varies (e.g., 20-100)

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Standards

ISO 1328, DIN 3960, AGMA 2000, JIS B 1702

Parent Products

This component is used in the following industrial products

Gear Set (Pinion & Gear)

A matched pair of gears (pinion and gear) designed to transmit torque and motion within a gear reduction unit.

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Gear assembly

A mechanical component consisting of multiple gears arranged to transmit motion and torque within a handwheel or servo motor system.

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Engineering Analysis

Risks & Mitigation

Tooth breakage due to overload
Wear and pitting from fatigue
Misalignment causing noise and failure
Lubrication failure leading to overheating
Backlash affecting precision

FMEA Triads

Trigger: Excessive torque or shock loads
Failure: Tooth fracture or bending
Mitigation: Design with adequate safety factor, use high-strength materials, implement overload protection devices

Trigger: Insufficient or contaminated lubrication
Failure: Abrasive wear, scuffing, or seizure
Mitigation: Follow lubrication schedules, use proper oil grades, install filters, monitor oil condition

Trigger: Misalignment during assembly or operation
Failure: Uneven load distribution, increased noise, premature wear
Mitigation: Precision machining, proper alignment during installation, use of flexible couplings, regular inspections

Industrial Ecosystem

Compatible With

Typical Suppliers & Equivalents

Compliance & Inspection

Tolerance

ISO 1328 specifies tolerances for tooth thickness, pitch, and profile; typical backlash is 0.05-0.2 mm depending on grade.

Test Method

Testing includes dimensional inspection (CMM), hardness testing (Rockwell), surface roughness measurement, noise testing, and load testing per AGMA or ISO standards.

Procurement Evaluation Criteria

A practical evidence checklist for RFQ preparation and supplier evaluation.

Technical documentation

Request current drawings, revision history, and a signed specification sheet.

Manufacturing capability

Verify equipment lists, process limits, capacity, and representative production evidence.

Inspection readiness

Confirm test methods, calibrated equipment, sampling plans, and traceable reports.

Supplier transparency

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Manufacturers of Gear

Manufacturer profiles associated with Gear.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a gear and a pinion?

In a gear set, the pinion is the smaller gear that drives the larger gear. Both are gears, but 'pinion' specifically refers to the driving member in the pair, often with fewer teeth.

How do I calculate gear ratio?

Gear ratio is calculated as the number of teeth on the driven gear divided by the number of teeth on the driving gear (pinion). For example, if the gear has 60 teeth and the pinion has 20, the ratio is 60/20 = 3:1, meaning the gear rotates once for every three rotations of the pinion, with increased torque.

What are common gear types?

Common types include spur gears (straight teeth, parallel shafts), helical gears (angled teeth, smoother operation), bevel gears (conical, for intersecting shafts), worm gears (screw-like, for high reduction ratios), and rack and pinion (converts rotational to linear motion).

Data Basis

Editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records. See the editorial policy.

Preliminary Technical Classification

This page supports structured research, RFQ preparation, and supplier evaluation. It does not replace buyer-led supplier qualification, standards review, or technical approval.

Gear