Lower Head: Thickness Range 6-50 mm

Component Specifications

Definition

The lower head is a critical pressure-retaining component that forms the bottom enclosure of a filter vessel. It is engineered to contain process fluids under pressure while providing structural integrity to the vessel assembly. Typically hemispherical, elliptical, or torispherical in shape, it connects to the cylindrical shell via a welded joint and often includes outlet nozzles, drain ports, or support attachments. Its design must account for pressure loads, thermal stresses, corrosion resistance, and compatibility with filtration media.

Working Principle

The lower head functions as a pressure boundary that seals the bottom of the filter vessel. During operation, it withstands internal pressure from the filtration process, directs filtered fluid toward discharge outlets, and supports internal components like filter elements or baskets. Its curved geometry distributes stress evenly to prevent failure under cyclic loading.

Materials

Carbon steel (ASTM A516 Gr.70), stainless steel (ASTM A240 316/316L), duplex stainless steel (UNS S32205), nickel alloys (Hastelloy C-276), or fiber-reinforced polymers. Material selection depends on corrosion resistance, pressure rating, and temperature requirements.

Technical Parameters

Parameter	Typical range	Notes & selection driver
Head Type	Hemispherical/Elliptical (2:1 ratio)
Surface Finish	Ra ≤ 0.8 μm for sanitary applications
Design Pressure	Up to 150 psi (10.3 bar)
Thickness Range	6-50 mm
Design Temperature	-20°C to 200°C
Connection Standard	ASME B16.5 flanges

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Standards

ISO 9095, DIN 28011, ASME BPVC Section VIII

Parent Products

This component is used in the following industrial products

Filter Vessel

The pressure vessel housing the filter media in a multi-media filtration system.

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Engineering Analysis

Risks & Mitigation

Stress corrosion cracking
Fatigue failure from pressure cycles
Improper weld leading to leakage
Material incompatibility with process fluids

FMEA Triads

Trigger: Corrosive fluid exposure
Failure: Wall thinning and perforation
Mitigation: Use corrosion-resistant materials, apply protective coatings, implement thickness monitoring

Trigger: Cyclic pressure loading
Failure: Fatigue cracks at stress concentration points
Mitigation: Design with smooth transitions, perform fatigue analysis, use forged rather than fabricated heads

Trigger: Improper installation
Failure: Misalignment causing uneven stress distribution
Mitigation: Follow ASME alignment tolerances, use precision jigs during welding, conduct post-weld heat treatment

Industrial Ecosystem

Compatible With

Typical Suppliers & Equivalents

Compliance & Inspection

Tolerance

±1.5 mm on diameter, ±0.5° on angular alignment

Test Method

Hydrostatic pressure test at 1.5x design pressure, liquid penetrant testing (PT) for welds, ultrasonic thickness measurement

Procurement Evaluation Criteria

A practical evidence checklist for RFQ preparation and supplier evaluation.

Technical documentation

Request current drawings, revision history, and a signed specification sheet.

Manufacturing capability

Verify equipment lists, process limits, capacity, and representative production evidence.

Inspection readiness

Confirm test methods, calibrated equipment, sampling plans, and traceable reports.

Supplier transparency

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Manufacturers of Lower Head

Manufacturer profiles associated with Lower Head.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the common shapes for filter vessel lower heads?

Hemispherical (best pressure distribution), elliptical (standard for most applications), and torispherical (cost-effective for moderate pressure).

How is the lower head attached to the filter vessel?

Typically welded to the cylindrical shell using full-penetration welds per ASME standards, with possible flanged connections for removable designs.

What maintenance does the lower head require?

Regular inspection for corrosion, weld integrity checks, and cleaning of internal surfaces to prevent contamination or buildup.

Data Basis

Editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records. See the editorial policy.

Preliminary Technical Classification

This page supports structured research, RFQ preparation, and supplier evaluation. It does not replace buyer-led supplier qualification, standards review, or technical approval.

Lower Head