Piezoelectric Actuator

Product Specifications

Technical details and manufacturing context for Piezoelectric Actuator

Definition

This piezoelectric actuator is a component used in micro-adjustment mechanisms within machinery and equipment manufacturing. It provides nanometer-scale positioning and motion control by expanding or contracting in response to an applied voltage, enabling ultra-fine adjustments in mechanical assemblies. The actuator operates on the inverse piezoelectric effect, where certain materials, such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics, change shape when an electric field is applied, generating precise linear motion proportional to the voltage. Typical specifications include a stroke length of 10–100 μm, blocking force of 100–1000 N, resolution of 0.01–0.1 nm, stiffness of 10–100 N/μm, resonant frequency of 10–100 kHz, operating voltage of 0–150 V, capacitance of 0.1–10 μF, operating temperature of -25–85 °C, relative humidity of 0–95% RH, ingress protection of IP54–IP65 per IEC 60529, material PZT-5A, and weight of 10–500 g. These values are reference ranges for standard actuators; actual performance depends on the specific model and application. For example, longer strokes require amplified designs, and higher force reduces stroke. The actuator's high stiffness ensures fast response and stability, while its sub-nanometer resolution allows precise positioning. The resonant frequency is specified unloaded and decreases with added mass. Operating voltage is the maximum recommended; higher voltage increases displacement. Capacitance affects drive current and power requirements. The Curie temperature limits the upper temperature range, and low temperature reduces performance. Non-condensing humidity is required; higher humidity may necessitate sealing. Ingress protection depends on the housing; IP65 is suitable for dusty or wet environments. The material is PZT-5A, but other grades are available. Weight depends on size and housing. Always verify model-specific values and standards with the legal manufacturer or supplier before procurement or use.

Working Principle

The actuator uses the inverse piezoelectric effect. When a voltage is applied across the PZT ceramic, the material deforms, producing a precise linear displacement proportional to the electric field. The displacement is typically in the micrometer range, with nanometer resolution. The actuator's stiffness and resonant frequency determine its dynamic response. The blocking force is the maximum force at zero displacement, and higher force reduces stroke. The operating voltage range must be respected to avoid depolarization or damage.

Common Materials

Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) Ceramic

Technical Parameters

Parameter	Typical range	Notes & selection driver
Stroke Length	10–100 μm	Typical range for standard actuators; longer strokes require amplified designs.
Blocking Force	100–1000 N	Force at zero displacement; higher force reduces stroke.
Resolution	0.01–0.1 nm	Sub-nanometer positioning capability.
Stiffness	10–100 N/μm	High stiffness ensures fast response and stability.
Resonant Frequency	10–100 kHz	Unloaded; decreases with added mass.
Operating Voltage	0–150 V	Maximum recommended voltage; higher voltage increases displacement.
Capacitance	0.1–10 μF	Affects drive current and power requirements.
Operating Temperature	-25–85 °C	Curie temperature limits upper range; low temperature reduces performance.
Relative Humidity	0–95 % RH	Non-condensing; higher humidity may require sealing.
Ingress Protection	IP54–IP65	Depends on housing; IP65 for dusty/wet environments.IEC 60529
Material	PZT-5A	Lead zirconate titanate; other grades available.
Weight	10–500 g	Depends on size and housing.

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Components / BOM

Piezoelectric Stack
Active element that expands/contracts with applied voltage

Material: PZT ceramic
Electrodes Part
Apply electric field to the piezoelectric material

Material: Silver/Nickel plating
Preload Spring Part
Maintains compression on stack for bidirectional motion

Material: Stainless steel
Housing Part
Protects internal components and provides mounting interface

Material: Aluminum alloy

Applied To / Applications

This component is essential for the following industrial systems and equipment:

Micro-Adjustment Mechanism

View system integration details

Control System & Actuators

View system integration details

Manufacturers of Piezoelectric Actuator

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the typical stroke length of this piezoelectric actuator?

The typical stroke length is 10–100 μm for standard actuators. Longer strokes require amplified designs. The exact value depends on the specific model and application.

What is the blocking force and how does it affect performance?

The blocking force is the force at zero displacement, typically 100–1000 N. Higher force reduces stroke, so there is a trade-off between force and displacement.

What is the resolution of this actuator?

The resolution is 0.01–0.1 nm, enabling sub-nanometer positioning capability. This allows ultra-fine adjustments in mechanical assemblies.

What are the environmental limits for operation?

The operating temperature range is -25–85 °C, and relative humidity should be 0–95% RH non-condensing. Higher humidity may require sealing. Ingress protection is IP54–IP65 depending on housing.

Data Basis

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Preliminary Technical Classification

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pressure:	Up to 100 MPa (depending on housing design)
other spec:	Maximum displacement: 0.1-0.2% of actuator length, Frequency range: DC to 10 kHz, Voltage range: 0-1000V
temperature:	-40°C to +150°C (typical), up to +200°C with specialized ceramics

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