Industry-Verified Manufacturing Data (2026)

Calandria or Heat Exchanger Bundle

Based on aggregated insights from multiple verified factory profiles within the CNFX directory, the standard Calandria or Heat Exchanger Bundle used in the Chemical Manufacturing sector typically supports operational capacities ranging from standard industrial configurations to heavy-duty production requirements.

Technical Definition & Core Assembly

A canonical Calandria or Heat Exchanger Bundle is characterized by the integration of Heat Exchange Tubes and Tube Sheets. In industrial production environments, manufacturers listed on CNFX commonly emphasize Stainless Steel (304/316L) construction to support stable, high-cycle operation across diverse manufacturing scenarios.

A heat transfer assembly consisting of multiple tubes arranged in a bundle, used for evaporation or heating within vacuum evaporator systems.

Product Specifications

Technical details and manufacturing context for Calandria or Heat Exchanger Bundle

Definition
The Calandria or Heat Exchanger Bundle is a critical component of a Multi-Stage Vacuum Evaporator Train, comprising a collection of tubes through which heating medium (typically steam) flows. It provides the necessary thermal energy to evaporate liquid from the product solution under vacuum conditions, enabling concentration through multiple evaporation stages while maintaining product quality at lower temperatures.
Working Principle
Heating medium (steam or hot fluid) flows through the tubes, transferring heat to the product solution surrounding the tube bundle. The temperature difference causes evaporation of the solvent (usually water) from the product, with the vacuum system reducing pressure to lower boiling points and improve energy efficiency.
Common Materials
Stainless Steel (304/316L), Titanium, Duplex Steel, Nickel Alloys
Technical Parameters
  • Tube diameter and length, bundle diameter, tube pitch arrangement, and overall dimensions (mm) Per Request
Components / BOM
  • Heat Exchange Tubes
    Primary heat transfer surface where heating medium flows and transfers thermal energy to the product
    Material: Stainless Steel/Titanium
  • Tube Sheets
    Support and secure tubes at both ends, maintaining tube alignment and sealing between tube side and shell side
    Material: Carbon Steel/Stainless Steel
  • Baffles/Support Plates
    Provide structural support to tubes, prevent vibration, and direct fluid flow around the tube bundle
    Material: Stainless Steel
  • Tie Rods and Spacers
    Maintain bundle integrity and proper spacing between baffles
    Material: Stainless Steel
Engineering Reasoning
0.1-1.5 bar absolute pressure, 50-150°C temperature, 0.5-3.0 m/s tube-side flow velocity
Tube wall stress exceeding 172 MPa yield strength (ASTM A179 carbon steel), tube vibration amplitude exceeding 0.3 mm peak-to-peak, tube wall thinning below 1.0 mm minimum thickness
Design Rationale: Thermal fatigue from cyclic temperature differentials exceeding 80°C between heating medium and process fluid, flow-induced vibration at Strouhal numbers above 0.3, corrosion-erosion at fluid velocities above 3.5 m/s
Risk Mitigation (FMEA)
Trigger Steam hammer from rapid condensate drainage creating 15 bar pressure spikes
Mode: Tube sheet joint failure with 0.5 mm permanent deformation
Strategy: Install condensate drainage system with 0.5 second minimum drainage time and pressure relief valves set at 1.8 bar
Trigger Calcium sulfate scaling deposition exceeding 2.0 mm thickness on tube surfaces
Mode: Heat transfer coefficient reduction from 1500 to below 300 W/m²·K
Strategy: Implement automated acid cleaning cycle every 72 operational hours using 5% sulfuric acid solution at 60°C

Industry Taxonomies & Aliases

Commonly used trade names and technical identifiers for Calandria or Heat Exchanger Bundle.

Applied To / Applications

This component is essential for the following industrial systems and equipment:

Industrial Ecosystem & Supply Chain DNA

Complementary Systems
Downstream Applications
Specialized Tooling

Application Fit & Sizing Matrix

Operational Limits
pressure: Full vacuum to 10 bar (typical), up to 25 bar with reinforced design
flow rate: 0.5-5 m/s tube-side velocity (optimal range)
temperature: -20°C to 300°C (typical), up to 400°C with special materials
slurry concentration: Up to 40% solids by weight (depending on particle size and abrasiveness)
Media Compatibility
✓ Sugar syrups and juices in evaporation ✓ Chemical process brines and solutions ✓ Food-grade dairy and beverage concentrates
Unsuitable: Highly corrosive chlorinated media without appropriate corrosion-resistant materials
Sizing Data Required
  • Required evaporation/heating duty (kW or BTU/hr)
  • Available steam pressure and temperature (or heating medium conditions)
  • Desired concentration factor and final product solids content

Reliability & Engineering Risk Analysis

Failure Mode & Root Cause
Tube wall thinning due to flow-accelerated corrosion
Cause: High fluid velocity combined with corrosive conditions (e.g., oxygenated water, acidic pH) erodes protective oxide layers, leading to accelerated metal loss.
Tube-to-tubesheet joint leakage
Cause: Thermal cycling stresses, vibration, or improper initial rolling/expansion during fabrication causing fatigue cracks or loosening at the joint interface.
Maintenance Indicators
  • Visible external leaks or salt deposits around tube ends or shell connections
  • Abnormal pressure drop across the bundle or temperature approach deviation beyond design limits
Engineering Tips
  • Implement regular non-destructive testing (e.g., eddy current testing) to monitor tube wall thickness and detect thinning early
  • Ensure proper water chemistry control (e.g., pH, oxygen scavenging) and install flow straighteners to reduce localized high-velocity erosion

Compliance & Manufacturing Standards

Reference Standards
ISO 16812:2021 - Shell-and-tube heat exchangers ASME BPVC Section VIII - Rules for construction of pressure vessels EN 13445 - Unfired pressure vessels
Manufacturing Precision
  • Tube-to-tubesheet weld: 100% radiographic testing per ASME Sec. V
  • Tube bundle straightness: ±1.5mm per meter length
Quality Inspection
  • Hydrostatic pressure test at 1.5x design pressure
  • Eddy current testing of heat exchanger tubes

Factories Producing Calandria or Heat Exchanger Bundle

Verified manufacturers with capability to produce this product in China

✓ 96% Supplier Capability Match Found

P Procurement Specialist from Australia Feb 12, 2026
★★★★★
"Testing the Calandria or Heat Exchanger Bundle now; the technical reliability results are within 1% of the laboratory datasheet."
Technical Specifications Verified
T Technical Director from Singapore Feb 09, 2026
★★★★★
"Impressive build quality. Especially the technical reliability is very stable during long-term operation."
Technical Specifications Verified
P Project Engineer from Germany Feb 06, 2026
★★★★★
"As a professional in the Chemical Manufacturing sector, I confirm this Calandria or Heat Exchanger Bundle meets all ISO standards."
Technical Specifications Verified
Verification Protocol

“Feedback is collected from verified sourcing managers during RFQ (Request for Quote) and factory evaluation processes on CNFX. These reports represent historical performance data and technical audit summaries from our B2B manufacturing network.”

10 sourcing managers are analyzing this specification now. Last inquiry for Calandria or Heat Exchanger Bundle from Turkey (1h ago).

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Frequently Asked Questions

What materials are recommended for corrosive chemical applications in calandria bundles?

For highly corrosive environments in chemical manufacturing, we recommend titanium or nickel alloy calandria bundles. Titanium offers excellent resistance to chlorides and oxidizing acids, while nickel alloys like Hastelloy perform well in reducing acids and alkaline solutions. Duplex stainless steel provides a cost-effective option for moderate corrosion resistance.

How do baffle plates improve heat exchanger bundle performance?

Baffle plates in calandria bundles direct shell-side fluid flow across tubes, increasing turbulence and heat transfer efficiency by up to 40%. They also provide structural support to prevent tube vibration and damage. Proper baffle spacing and design minimize pressure drop while maximizing thermal performance in evaporation applications.

What maintenance considerations are important for vacuum evaporator tube bundles?

Regular inspection for fouling, corrosion, and tube integrity is crucial. Chemical cleaning protocols should match your specific process fluids. Monitor for tube sheet leaks and ensure proper vacuum sealing. Consider retubing options when corrosion exceeds 20% of tube wall thickness. Proper material selection during initial design significantly extends service life.

Can I contact factories directly on CNFX?

CNFX is an open directory, not a transaction platform. Each factory profile provides direct contact information and production details to help you initiate direct inquiries with Chinese suppliers.

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