Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) Component for High-Speed Communication

Product Specifications

Technical details and manufacturing context for Phase-Locked Loop (PLL)

Definition

A Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) is a control system that generates an output signal whose phase is related to the phase of an input reference signal. In high-speed communication systems, the PLL is a critical component within PHY transceivers. It synchronizes the phase and frequency of local oscillator signals with incoming data streams, enabling stable clock recovery, data sampling, and frequency synthesis. This synchronization is essential for reliable high-speed data transmission, as it ensures that the receiver's timing aligns with the transmitter's signal. The PLL operates by comparing the phase of a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) output with the input reference signal using a phase detector. The phase detector generates an error voltage proportional to the phase difference. This error voltage is then filtered through a loop filter to remove high-frequency noise and provide a stable control signal. The filtered voltage adjusts the VCO frequency until the phase error is minimized, achieving phase lock. The PLL is manufactured on a silicon semiconductor substrate with metal interconnects (copper or aluminum) and dielectric materials. It is available in a surface-mount QFN-24 package, suitable for automated assembly. Key parameters include an input and output frequency range of 1–1000 MHz, phase noise of -120 to -100 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset, lock time of 1–10 ms, supply voltage of 3.3–5 V DC, power consumption of 10–100 mW, operating temperature range of -40 to 85 °C, storage temperature range of -55 to 125 °C, input sensitivity of -10 to 0 dBm, output power of -5 to 5 dBm, and weight of 0.5–2 g. These values are directory reference ranges and must be confirmed for the specific model and application. Always verify model-specific values and standards with the legal manufacturer or supplier.

Working Principle

The PLL compares the phase of a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) output with an input reference signal using a phase detector. The phase detector generates an error voltage proportional to the phase difference. This error voltage is filtered through a loop filter to remove high-frequency components and provide a stable control signal. The filtered voltage adjusts the VCO frequency until the phase error is minimized, achieving phase lock. The loop filter determines the dynamic response, affecting lock time and stability. The VCO frequency is controlled by the error voltage, and the feedback loop continuously corrects any phase drift. This closed-loop mechanism ensures that the output signal remains synchronized with the reference, even in the presence of noise or frequency variations.

Common Materials

Silicon (semiconductor substrate), Metal interconnects (copper/aluminum), Dielectric materials

Technical Parameters

Parameter	Typical range	Notes & selection driver
Input Frequency Range	1–1000 MHz	Operating range of the reference input signal.
Output Frequency Range	1–1000 MHz	Frequency of the output signal after multiplication/division.
Phase Noise	-120–-100 dBc/Hz @ 10 kHz offset	Lower is better for signal purity.
Lock Time	1–10 ms	Time to achieve phase lock after frequency change.
Supply Voltage	3.3–5 V DC	Typical digital/analog supply range.
Power Consumption	10–100 mW	Depends on output frequency and supply voltage.
Operating Temperature Range	-40–85 °C	Industrial grade temperature range.
Storage Temperature Range	-55–125 °C	Non-operating storage conditions.
Input Sensitivity	-10–0 dBm	Minimum input signal level for lock.
Output Power	-5–5 dBm	Output signal level into 50 ohm load.
Package Type	QFN-24	Surface mount package for automated assembly.
Weight	0.5–2 g	Typical weight for QFN package.

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Components / BOM

Phase Detector
Compares phase difference between reference and feedback signals, outputs error voltage

Material: Semiconductor (CMOS/BiCMOS)
Loop Filter Part
Filters phase detector output to control VCO, determines loop dynamics and stability

Material: Passive components (resistors, capacitors) or active circuitry
Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO)
Generates output signal whose frequency is controlled by the filtered error voltage

Material: Semiconductor with LC tank or ring oscillator structures
Frequency Divider
Divides VCO output frequency for feedback comparison, enables frequency multiplication

Material: Digital logic circuits (semiconductor)

Applied To / Applications

This component is essential for the following industrial systems and equipment:

PHY Transceiver

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Master Clock Generator

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Baud Rate Generator / Clock Controller

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Clock Management

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Timing Controller

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Timing Generator IC

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Timing Control Unit

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SerDes (Serializer/Deserializer)

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Clock Management Circuit

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Manufacturers of Phase-Locked Loop (PLL)

Manufacturer profiles associated with Phase-Locked Loop (PLL).

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the primary function of a PLL in a communication system?

The primary function is to synchronize the phase and frequency of a local oscillator with an incoming data stream, enabling stable clock recovery and data sampling for reliable high-speed communication.

What are the typical input and output frequency ranges?

The typical input and output frequency ranges are 1–1000 MHz. These are reference ranges and should be confirmed for the specific model.

What is the significance of phase noise in a PLL?

Phase noise indicates signal purity. Lower phase noise is better for maintaining signal integrity. The reference range is -120 to -100 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset.

What package is available for this PLL?

The PLL is available in a QFN-24 surface-mount package, suitable for automated assembly. Verify package details with the manufacturer.

Data Basis

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pressure:	N/A (electronic component, not pressure-sensitive)
other spec:	Supply Voltage: 1.8V to 5.5V, Frequency Range: 1MHz to 3GHz (typical)
temperature:	-40°C to +125°C (typical industrial range)

Phase-Locked Loop (PLL)

Product Specifications

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Manufacturers of Phase-Locked Loop (PLL)

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the primary function of a PLL in a communication system?

What are the typical input and output frequency ranges?

What is the significance of phase noise in a PLL?

What package is available for this PLL?

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