Editorial Technical Reference

Deaerator

This page explains how Deaerator is classified within Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing. Technical values and manufacturer relationships are research references; confirm the current specification and supplier evidence for each order.

Technical Definition & Core Assembly

A device that removes dissolved gases, primarily oxygen and carbon dioxide, from boiler feedwater to prevent corrosion and improve efficiency.

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Product Specifications

Technical details and manufacturing context for Deaerator

Definition
A deaerator is a critical component within a feedwater treatment system, designed to strip dissolved non-condensable gases—mainly oxygen and carbon dioxide—from boiler feedwater before it enters the boiler. This process is essential for preventing corrosive damage to boiler tubes, steam lines, and other system components, thereby enhancing operational safety, longevity, and thermal efficiency of the steam generation system. The deaerator operates on the principle of Henry's Law, which states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is proportional to its partial pressure above the liquid. It combines thermal and mechanical methods: feedwater is heated by steam (thermal scrubbing) to reduce gas solubility, and the water is then sprayed or cascaded over trays or scrubbers (mechanical scrubbing) to increase surface area, allowing the liberated gases to be vented to the atmosphere. Typical rated capacities range from 10 to 200 t/h, with operating pressures from 0.02 to 0.5 MPa and corresponding temperatures from 104 to 150 °C. Oxygen removal efficiency is typically ≥98%, with residual oxygen content ≤0.05 mg/L. Shell materials are commonly carbon steel (e.g., Q245R) or stainless steel (e.g., 304) for corrosive zones. Design pressure and temperature are specified per GB/T 150, with design pressure typically 0.6–1.0 MPa and design temperature 150–200 °C. Water inlet temperature ranges from 20 to 90 °C, and steam consumption is 0.05–0.15 t per tonne of feedwater. Pressure drop is 0.01–0.05 MPa, weight ranges from 2 to 20 t, and footprint dimensions vary from 2×1.5×2 m to 8×4×6 m. These values are directory reference ranges; verify model-specific values and standards with the legal manufacturer or supplier.
Working Principle
The deaerator operates on Henry's Law, where gas solubility in water decreases as temperature rises and partial pressure of the gas above the liquid is reduced. Feedwater is heated by steam, typically to saturation temperature, which lowers the solubility of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Simultaneously, mechanical scrubbing is achieved by spraying or cascading water over trays or packing, increasing the surface area for gas release. The liberated gases are vented to the atmosphere, while deaerated water is stored in the lower section for boiler feed. The process is continuous and controlled by maintaining operating pressure and temperature within specified ranges.
Common Materials
Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel (for internals/corrosive zones)
Technical Parameters
ParameterTypical rangeNotes & selection driver
Rated Capacity10–200 t/hMatches boiler feedwater demand
Operating Pressure0.02–0.5 MPaHigher pressure improves deaeration efficiencyGB/T 150
Operating Temperature104–150 °CCorresponds to saturation temperature at pressure
Oxygen Removal Efficiency≥98 %Residual oxygen ≤0.05 mg/L
Residual Oxygen Content≤0.05 mg/LCritical for boiler corrosion preventionGB/T 1576
Shell MaterialQ245R or 304Carbon steel for standard, stainless for corrosive feedwaterGB/T 713
Design Pressure0.6–1.0 MPaMust exceed operating pressure by safety marginGB/T 150
Design Temperature150–200 °CBased on maximum operating conditionsGB/T 150
Water Inlet Temperature20–90 °CLower inlet temp requires more steam for heating
Steam Consumption0.05–0.15 t/t feedwaterDepends on inlet temperature and pressure
Pressure Drop0.01–0.05 MPaAffects pump head requirements
Weight2–20 tIncreases with capacity and pressure rating
Footprint (L×W×H)2×1.5×2–8×4×6 mSpace for installation and maintenance

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Components / BOM
  • Spray Nozzle / Distribution Tray
    Distributes incoming cold feedwater as a fine spray or thin film to maximize surface area for heating and gas release.
    Material: Stainless Steel
  • Deaeration Section / Scrubbing Section
    The main chamber where steam contacts the water, heating it and scrubbing out dissolved gases.
    Material: Carbon Steel
  • Storage Section / Feedwater Tank
    Holds the deaerated, hot feedwater, providing a buffer volume for the boiler feed pumps.
    Material: Carbon Steel
  • Vent Condenser
    Condenses steam from the vented gas mixture to recover heat and minimize steam loss.
    Material: Stainless Steel / Carbon Steel

Applied To / Applications

This component is essential for the following industrial systems and equipment:

Industrial Ecosystem & Supply Chain Structure

Complementary Systems
Downstream Applications
Specialized Tooling

Application Fit & Sizing Matrix

Operational Limits
pressure: 0-10 bar (standard atmospheric to low-pressure designs)
flow rate: 5-500 m³/h (typical capacity range)
temperature: 105-120°C (typical operating range for steam deaerators)
deaeration efficiency: ≤0.005 cc/L oxygen residual (standard performance)
Media Compatibility
✓ Boiler feedwater systems ✓ Steam condensate return lines ✓ Industrial process water
Unsuitable: High-chloride or acidic environments (accelerates corrosion)
Sizing Data Required
  • Maximum feedwater flow rate (m³/h)
  • Inlet water temperature (°C)
  • Required outlet oxygen concentration (cc/L)

Reliability & Engineering Risk Analysis

Failure Mode & Root Cause
Stress corrosion cracking
Cause: Oxygen pitting combined with cyclic thermal stresses from steam injection and water level fluctuations, exacerbated by improper chemical treatment leading to chloride concentration.
Water hammer damage
Cause: Sudden condensation of steam in piping due to improper venting, cold water ingress, or rapid valve operation causing destructive pressure surges in the deaerator and associated piping.
Maintenance Indicators
  • Audible hammering or banging noises from the vessel or feedwater piping during operation
  • Visible water leakage at shell welds or nozzle connections, especially during temperature/pressure changes
Engineering Tips
  • Maintain strict oxygen scavenger chemical treatment and continuous venting to keep dissolved oxygen below 7 ppb, preventing corrosion initiation.
  • Implement automated level controls with redundant sensors to prevent low-level conditions that expose heating elements to steam and high-level conditions that flood steam inlets.

Indicative industry ranges for design and RFQ preparation. Confirm the exact figures and applicable standard with the manufacturer before specifying.

Compliance & Manufacturing Standards

Applicable Standards
ASME BPVC Section VIII - Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code PED 2014/68/EU - Pressure Equipment Directive (CE marking)

Quoted from the published standard.

Manufacturing Precision
  • Shell Thickness: +/- 5% of nominal thickness
  • Nozzle Alignment: +/- 1.5° from perpendicular
Quality Inspection
  • Hydrostatic Pressure Test
  • Radiographic Testing (RT) of weld joints

Manufacturers of Deaerator

Manufacturer profiles associated with Deaerator.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the primary function of a deaerator?

The primary function is to remove dissolved gases, mainly oxygen and carbon dioxide, from boiler feedwater to prevent corrosion in the boiler and associated piping, thereby improving system reliability and efficiency.

What are typical operating pressure and temperature ranges?

Typical operating pressure ranges from 0.02 to 0.5 MPa, with corresponding saturation temperatures from 104 to 150 °C. These values must be matched to the boiler feedwater demand and system design.

How is oxygen removal efficiency measured?

Oxygen removal efficiency is typically expressed as a percentage, with values ≥98% common. Residual oxygen content in the deaerated water should be ≤0.05 mg/L, as per standards like GB/T 1576.

What materials are used for deaerator construction?

Carbon steel (e.g., Q245R) is standard for the shell, while stainless steel (e.g., 304) may be used for internals or corrosive zones. Material selection depends on feedwater chemistry and operating conditions.

Data Basis

Editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records.

Preliminary Technical Classification
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