Die Casting Die

Product Specifications

Technical details and manufacturing context for Die Casting Die

Definition

The die casting die is a critical component of the High-Pressure Die Casting Machine, consisting of two or more hardened steel blocks that form a cavity. It receives molten metal injected under high pressure and rapidly cools it to produce a solid, net-shape metal casting with high dimensional accuracy and surface finish. The die is typically made from tool steel grades such as H13 (ASTM A681) or alternatives like 8407 or SKD61, with maraging steel and copper alloys used for inserts. Key parameters include die locking force (1000–4000 kN), injection pressure (30–100 MPa), cavity surface hardness (44–52 HRC), maximum operating temperature (300–400 °C), cavity surface roughness (0.2–0.8 µm Ra), dimensional tolerance (±0.05 mm, ISO 2768-m), die weight (500–5000 kg), cooling channel flow rate (10–40 L/min), ejection stroke (30–150 mm), cycle time (30–120 s), and die life (100,000–500,000 shots). These values are reference ranges and must be confirmed for the specific application. The die's design must account for casting pressure, projected area, cooling efficiency, and ejection clearance to prevent defects like flash, hot spots, or warpage. Proper heat treatment and maintenance are essential to achieve the expected die life. The die is a wear component; its failure modes include thermal fatigue, erosion, and cracking, which are influenced by operating temperature and maintenance practices. Always verify model-specific specifications and standards with the legal manufacturer or supplier before procurement or use.

Working Principle

Molten metal is injected into the closed die cavity under high pressure (typically 10-200 MPa). The die halves are held together by the machine's clamping force to withstand the injection pressure. After injection, the metal solidifies rapidly due to the die's temperature control systems. The die then opens, and ejector pins push the casting out before the cycle repeats.

Common Materials

Tool Steel (e.g., H13, 2344), Maraging Steel, Copper Alloys (for inserts)

Technical Parameters

Parameter	Typical range	Notes & selection driver
Die Locking Force	1000–4000 kN	Must exceed casting pressure × projected area to prevent flash.
Injection Pressure	30–100 MPa	Higher for thin-wall or high-integrity castings.
Cavity Surface Hardness	44–52 HRC	Softer risks wear; harder risks cracking.
Die Steel Grade	H13	Hot-work tool steel; alternatives: 8407, SKD61.ASTM A681
Maximum Operating Temperature	300–400 °C	Exceeding reduces die life due to thermal fatigue.
Cavity Surface Roughness	0.2–0.8 µm Ra	Affects casting surface finish and ejection.
Dimensional Tolerance	±0.05 mm	Tighter possible with precision machining.ISO 2768-m
Die Weight	500–5000 kg	Affects handling, machine size, and cost.
Cooling Channel Flow Rate	10–40 L/min	Insufficient cooling causes hot spots and warpage.
Ejection Stroke	30–150 mm	Must clear casting depth for safe ejection.
Cycle Time	30–120 s	Depends on part size, wall thickness, and cooling.
Die Life	100000–500000 shots	Higher with proper heat treatment and maintenance.

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Components / BOM

Fixed Die Half (Cover Die) Part
Stationary half attached to the machine's fixed platen; contains sprue bushing for metal injection

Material: hardened tool steel
Moving Die Half (Ejector Die)
Half attached to the moving platen; contains ejector system to remove solidified casting

Material: hardened tool steel
Die Cavity Part
Precision-machined void that forms the shape of the final casting

Material: tool steel with possible surface treatments
Ejector Pins Part
Push the solidified casting out of the die cavity after opening

Material: heat-treated steel
Cooling Channels Part
Network of passages for circulating coolant to control die temperature and solidification rate

Material: drilled/tool steel

Manufacturers of Die Casting Die

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Frequently Asked Questions

What materials are commonly used for die casting dies?

Common materials include hot-work tool steel such as H13 (ASTM A681) or alternatives like 8407 and SKD61, maraging steel, and copper alloys for inserts. The choice depends on required hardness, thermal fatigue resistance, and cost.

What is the typical die life for a die casting die?

Die life is typically in the range of 100,000 to 500,000 shots, depending on factors like operating temperature, maintenance, and the casting alloy. Proper heat treatment and regular maintenance can extend life.

How does cooling affect the die casting process?

Cooling channels regulate the die temperature. Insufficient cooling can cause hot spots and warpage, while excessive cooling may reduce cycle efficiency. Flow rates typically range from 10 to 40 L/min, but must be optimized for each application.

What are common failure modes of die casting dies?

Common failures include thermal fatigue (cracking due to repeated heating and cooling), erosion from molten metal flow, and mechanical wear. Operating above the maximum temperature (300–400 °C) accelerates thermal fatigue.

Data Basis

Editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records.

Preliminary Technical Classification

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pressure:	30-150 MPa injection pressure, 10-30 MPa clamping force per projected area
other spec:	Cycle time: 15-120 seconds, Surface roughness: Ra 0.4-1.6 μm, Dimensional tolerance: ±0.05-0.2 mm
temperature:	200-400°C (typical molten aluminum alloys), up to 700°C for copper alloys

Product Specifications

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Application Fit & Sizing Matrix

Reliability & Engineering Risk Analysis

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