Editorial Technical Reference

Piston/cylinder assembly

This page explains how Piston/cylinder assembly is classified within Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing. Technical values and manufacturer relationships are research references; confirm the current specification and supplier evidence for each order.

Technical Definition & Core Assembly

A mechanical assembly consisting of a piston moving within a cylinder, converting fluid pressure into linear motion.

Product Specifications

Technical details and manufacturing context for Piston/cylinder assembly

Definition
The piston/cylinder assembly is a core component of pneumatic or servo actuators, converting fluid pressure into controlled linear mechanical movement. It consists of a piston that moves within a sealed cylinder bore, with a piston rod transmitting the resulting force to an external mechanism. The assembly operates on the principle of differential pressure: when compressed air or hydraulic fluid enters the cylinder chamber, it creates a pressure difference across the piston surface, generating a linear force that moves the piston and rod. Seals prevent fluid leakage while allowing smooth motion.

This directory entry provides reference specifications for typical assemblies, but actual values must be verified with the manufacturer or supplier for the specific model and application. Standard bore diameters range from 32 to 200 mm (ISO 3320), stroke lengths from 25 to 500 mm (ISO 4393), and operating pressures from 0.1 to 1.0 MPa, with a maximum of 1.5 MPa for short bursts. Piston speeds range from 0.1 to 1.5 m/s (ISO 6432), and operating temperatures from -20 to 80°C (ISO 8573-1), with FKM seals available for -10 to 150°C. Leakage rate is ≤0.01 cm³/min at nominal pressure and temperature (ISO 10099). Piston rod diameters are 12–50 mm (chrome-plated steel, hardness HRC 60, ISO 6195). Cylinder tube material is typically aluminum alloy 6061-T6 (anodized for wear resistance, ASTM B221), and seal material is NBR (ASTM D2000), with FKM optional for high temperatures. Weight ranges from 1.5 to 25 kg depending on bore and stroke.

Materials commonly used include aluminum alloy, stainless steel, carbon steel, and engineering plastics. When selecting an assembly, consider bore size, stroke, operating pressure, speed, temperature, and environmental factors. Verify all model-specific parameters and standards with the legal manufacturer or supplier before procurement.
Working Principle
Fluid pressure (air or hydraulic oil) enters the cylinder chamber, creating differential pressure across the piston surface. This pressure differential generates linear force that moves the piston rod, which transmits motion to the connected mechanical system. Seals prevent fluid leakage while allowing smooth piston movement.
Common Materials
Aluminum alloy, Stainless steel, Carbon steel, Engineering plastics
Technical Parameters
ParameterTypical rangeNotes & selection driver
Bore Diameter32–200 mmStandard sizes; custom bores availableISO 3320
Stroke Length25–500 mmCustom strokes up to 1000 mmISO 4393
Operating Pressure0.1–1.0 MPaMax 1.5 MPa for short bursts
Piston Speed0.1–1.5 m/sHigher speeds require special sealsISO 6432
Operating Temperature-20–80 °CNBR seals; FKM for -10–150°CISO 8573-1
Leakage Rate≤0.01 cm³/minAt nominal pressure and temperatureISO 10099
Piston Rod Diameter12–50 mmChrome-plated steel, hardness HRC 60ISO 6195
Cylinder Tube Material6061-T6 Al alloyAnodized for wear resistanceASTM B221
Seal MaterialNBR RubberFKM optional for high tempASTM D2000
Weight1.5–25 kgDepends on bore and stroke

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Components / BOM
  • Cylinder tube Part
    Provides sealed housing for piston movement and contains pressurized fluid
    Material: Aluminum alloy or steel
  • Piston
    Converts fluid pressure into mechanical force through differential pressure area
    Material: Aluminum alloy or steel
  • Piston rod Part
    Transmits linear motion from piston to external mechanical system
    Material: Hardened steel or stainless steel
  • End caps Part
    Seal cylinder ends and provide mounting points and port connections
    Material: Aluminum alloy or cast iron
  • Seals Part
    Prevent fluid leakage while allowing smooth piston and rod movement
    Material: Polyurethane, nitrile rubber, or PTFE

Industry Taxonomies & Aliases

Commonly used trade names and technical identifiers for Piston/cylinder assembly.

Applied To / Applications

This component is essential for the following industrial systems and equipment:

Industrial Ecosystem & Supply Chain Structure

Complementary Systems
Downstream Applications
Specialized Tooling

Application Fit & Sizing Matrix

Operational Limits
pressure: Up to 300 bar (30 MPa)
flow rate: Dependent on cylinder bore and stroke
temperature: -40°C to 200°C
slurry concentration: Not recommended for abrasive slurries >5% solids by volume
Media Compatibility
✓ Hydraulic oil (ISO VG 32-68) ✓ Compressed air (filtered, lubricated) ✓ Water-glycol mixtures
Unsuitable: Highly corrosive chemicals (e.g., concentrated acids, strong oxidizers)
Sizing Data Required
  • Required force output (N or lbf)
  • Operating pressure (bar or psi)
  • Stroke length (mm or in)

Reliability & Engineering Risk Analysis

Failure Mode & Root Cause
Abrasive wear
Cause: Contaminant ingress (dust, metal particles) in hydraulic fluid or lubrication system, leading to scoring of cylinder bore and piston surface degradation.
Seal failure/leakage
Cause: Thermal degradation from excessive operating temperatures, chemical incompatibility with fluids, or improper installation causing extrusion damage.
Maintenance Indicators
  • Visible hydraulic fluid leakage around piston rod or cylinder end caps
  • Audible knocking or scraping sounds during piston reciprocation
Engineering Tips
  • Implement proactive fluid analysis and filtration to maintain ISO cleanliness codes, preventing abrasive contamination.
  • Establish proper rod alignment procedures during installation and use protective rod boots to prevent external contaminant ingress.

Indicative industry ranges for design and RFQ preparation. Confirm the exact figures and applicable standard with the manufacturer before specifying.

Compliance & Manufacturing Standards

Applicable Standards
ISO 286-1:2010 (Geometrical product specifications - Limits and fits) ANSI B4.1-1967 (Preferred Limits and Fits for Cylindrical Parts) DIN 7190-1:2017 (Interference fits - Calculation and design rules)

Quoted from the published standard.

Manufacturing Precision
  • Bore diameter: H7 tolerance (e.g., 50mm bore: +0.025mm/-0mm)
  • Piston diameter: f7 tolerance (e.g., 50mm piston: -0.025mm/-0.050mm)
Quality Inspection
  • Dimensional verification with coordinate measuring machine (CMM)
  • Leakage test (pressure decay or flow measurement)

Manufacturers of Piston/cylinder assembly

2 companies list this product among what they make. Company figures are quoted from each company's own website; every card states where the relationship came from.

Fescolo Pneumatic Co., Ltd.
Ningbo, Zhejiang, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “Air Cylinder Assembly Kits”
View source page ↗ fescolo.com · checked 2026-08-27
Xiamen Yintai Machinery Co., Ltd.
Xiamen, Fujian, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “Adjuster Cylinder Assembly”
View source page ↗ yintparts.com · checked 2026-09-16

Manufacturer listings support early research and capability understanding. They are not certification, ranking, or transaction guarantees.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the typical bore diameter range for a piston/cylinder assembly?

According to the directory reference, standard bore diameters range from 32 to 200 mm, per ISO 3320. Custom bores may be available, but you must confirm with the manufacturer for your specific model.

What operating pressures are typical for these assemblies?

The reference operating pressure range is 0.1 to 1.0 MPa, with a maximum of 1.5 MPa for short bursts. Always verify the pressure rating for your specific application with the supplier.

What materials are commonly used for the cylinder tube and seals?

The cylinder tube is often aluminum alloy 6061-T6, anodized for wear resistance (ASTM B221). Seal material is typically NBR (ASTM D2000), with FKM optional for high-temperature applications. Other materials like stainless steel or engineering plastics may be used.

How do I verify the leakage rate and performance standards?

The reference leakage rate is ≤0.01 cm³/min at nominal pressure and temperature, per ISO 10099. For your specific model, request the manufacturer's datasheet and confirm compliance with relevant ISO standards such as ISO 3320, ISO 4393, ISO 6432, and ISO 8573-1.

Data Basis

Editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records.

Preliminary Technical Classification
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