Editorial Technical Reference

Stick Cylinder

This page explains how Stick Cylinder is classified within Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing. Technical values and manufacturer relationships are research references; confirm the current specification and supplier evidence for each order.

Technical Definition & Core Assembly

Hydraulic cylinder that controls the extension and retraction of the stick (arm) in a hydraulic excavator or similar equipment.

Representative product image. Confirm appearance and specifications with the manufacturer.

Product Specifications

Technical details and manufacturing context for Stick Cylinder

Definition
A stick cylinder is a hydraulic actuator designed for the stick (also called the arm) of an excavator or similar construction machinery. It is part of the hydraulic arm assembly, which also includes the boom and bucket. The cylinder controls the angular movement of the stick relative to the boom, enabling digging, lifting, and material handling. By extending or retracting the piston rod, the stick's position changes, allowing precise control of the bucket's trajectory. The cylinder is typically mounted between the boom and the stick using pin or clevis connections, which must match the excavator's linkage geometry. Key parameters include bore diameter (80–200 mm), rod diameter (40–140 mm), stroke length (500–2500 mm), operating pressure (25–35 MPa), and maximum push/pull forces (180–900 kN and 150–800 kN, respectively). These values are reference ranges and must be verified for the specific model and application. The cylinder is constructed from high-strength alloy steel, with a chromium-plated steel rod, polyurethane seals, and bronze bushings. The cylinder tube material is often 27SiMn, and the rod material is 45# steel with a surface hardness of 50–60 HRC. Operating temperature range is -20 to 80°C, and seal materials are NBR or PU. Cushioning is adjustable to reduce end-of-stroke impact. Weight ranges from 50 to 500 kg. Standards such as ISO 6020-2, ISO 3320, ISO 4413, ISO 1629, GB/T 17396, GB/T 699, ISO 6508, and ISO 6982 are referenced for dimensions, pressure, temperature, materials, hardness, and mounting. Always confirm model-specific values and compliance with the legal manufacturer or supplier.
Working Principle
The stick cylinder operates on hydraulic fluid pressure. Pressurized hydraulic oil enters one side of the cylinder through hydraulic lines, pushing the piston rod to extend or retract. The oil on the opposite side returns to the reservoir. Directional control valves manage the flow of oil to control movement direction and speed. Pressure relief valves protect the system from overpressure. The cylinder's force output is determined by the bore diameter and operating pressure, while the rod diameter affects buckling strength. Seals prevent leakage and are sensitive to temperature extremes. Cushioning at the end of stroke reduces impact. The cylinder is controlled by the excavator's hydraulic system, which is operated by the operator via joysticks.
Common Materials
High-strength alloy steel, Chromium-plated steel rod, Polyurethane seals, Bronze bushings
Technical Parameters
ParameterTypical rangeNotes & selection driver
Bore Diameter80–200 mmDetermines force outputISO 6020-2
Rod Diameter40–140 mmAffects buckling strengthISO 6020-2
Stroke Length500–2500 mmMatches excavator stick geometry
Operating Pressure25–35 MPaHigher pressure increases force but reduces service lifeISO 3320
Maximum Pull Force150–800 kNCritical for digging and lifting
Maximum Push Force180–900 kNCritical for pushing and breaking
Operating Temperature-20–80 °CSeals degrade outside this rangeISO 4413
Seal MaterialNBR/PUPU for high wear, NBR for temperatureISO 1629
Cylinder Tube Material27SiMnHigh yield strength for pressureGB/T 17396
Rod Material45#Hard chrome plated for wearGB/T 699
Rod Surface Hardness50–60 HRCEnsures wear resistanceISO 6508
CushioningAdjustableReduces end-of-stroke impact
Mounting TypePin/ClevisMust match excavator linkageISO 6982
Weight50–500 kgAffects machine balance

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Components / BOM
  • Cylinder Barrel
    Houses the piston and hydraulic fluid, withstands internal pressure
    Material: High-strength alloy steel
  • Piston
    Separates pressure chambers, transfers force to the rod
    Material: Alloy steel with wear-resistant coating
  • Piston Rod Part
    Transmits linear force to the stick mechanism
    Material: Chromium-plated steel
  • Seal Kit Part
    Prevents hydraulic fluid leakage and contamination
    Material: Polyurethane, nitrile rubber
  • Mounting Hardware Part
    Connects cylinder to stick and boom pivot points
    Material: Forged steel

Industry Taxonomies & Aliases

Commonly used trade names and technical identifiers for Stick Cylinder.

Applied To / Applications

This component is essential for the following industrial systems and equipment:

Industrial Ecosystem & Supply Chain Structure

Complementary Systems
Downstream Applications
Specialized Tooling

Application Fit & Sizing Matrix

Operational Limits
pressure: Max 350 bar (5000 psi)
flow rate: Up to 200 L/min (53 GPM)
temperature: -20°C to 80°C
slurry concentration: Not applicable - designed for hydraulic oil systems
Media Compatibility
✓ Hydraulic oil (ISO VG 46/68) ✓ Biodegradable hydraulic fluids ✓ Water-glycol hydraulic fluids
Unsuitable: Saltwater or corrosive chemical environments without special seals
Sizing Data Required
  • Required force (kN or lbf)
  • Stroke length (mm or inches)
  • Mounting configuration (clevis, trunnion, flange)

Reliability & Engineering Risk Analysis

Failure Mode & Root Cause
Rod seal leakage
Cause: Wear from contamination ingress, misalignment causing side loading, or improper seal material selection for operating conditions
Cylinder barrel scoring
Cause: Contaminated hydraulic fluid, inadequate filtration, or abrasive particles entering the cylinder assembly
Maintenance Indicators
  • Visible hydraulic fluid leakage around rod seals or cylinder body
  • Audible knocking or scraping sounds during extension/retraction cycles
Engineering Tips
  • Implement proactive contamination control with proper filtration (ISO 4406 cleanliness targets) and regular fluid analysis
  • Ensure proper cylinder alignment and mounting to prevent side loading, and use appropriate cushioning to reduce impact forces at stroke ends

Indicative industry ranges for design and RFQ preparation. Confirm the exact figures and applicable standard with the manufacturer before specifying.

Compliance & Manufacturing Standards

Applicable Standards
ISO 6432:2015 (Pneumatic fluid power - Single rod cylinders, 8 to 25 mm bores - Mounting dimensions) ANSI/B93.5M-1985 (Hydraulic Fluid Power - Cylinders - Bore and Rod Diameter, Inch Series) DIN ISO 3320 (Fluid power systems and components - Cylinder bores and piston rod diameters - Metric series)

Quoted from the published standard.

Manufacturing Precision
  • Bore diameter: +/-0.02 mm
  • Rod straightness: 0.1 mm per 1000 mm length
Quality Inspection
  • Pressure test (leakage and burst)
  • Dimensional verification (bore, rod, stroke, mounting dimensions)

Manufacturers of Stick Cylinder

Manufacturer profiles associated with Stick Cylinder.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the function of a stick cylinder?

A stick cylinder controls the angular movement of the stick (arm) in an excavator, allowing the bucket to dig, lift, and handle materials. It extends or retracts to change the stick's position relative to the boom.

What are the typical bore and rod diameters?

Typical bore diameters range from 80 to 200 mm, and rod diameters from 40 to 140 mm, per ISO 6020-2. These are reference ranges; the exact values depend on the excavator model and required force.

What materials are used in a stick cylinder?

Common materials include high-strength alloy steel for the cylinder tube (e.g., 27SiMn), chromium-plated steel rod (e.g., 45#), polyurethane seals, and bronze bushings. Rod surface hardness is typically 50–60 HRC.

How do I select the right stick cylinder?

Selection requires matching bore, rod, stroke, operating pressure, and mounting type to the excavator's linkage and load requirements. Always verify parameters with the legal manufacturer or supplier for your specific application.

Data Basis

Editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records.

Preliminary Technical Classification
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