Editorial Technical Reference

Anode Disc/Target

This page explains how Anode Disc/Target is classified within Computer, Electronic and Optical Product Manufacturing. Technical values and manufacturer relationships are research references; confirm the current specification and supplier evidence for each order.

Technical Definition & Core Assembly

The rotating disc-shaped target material in X-ray tubes that emits X-rays when bombarded by electrons.

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Product Specifications

Technical details and manufacturing context for Anode Disc/Target

Definition
The anode disc/target is the critical rotating component within a rotating anode X-ray tube assembly. It consists of a metal disc (typically tungsten or tungsten-rhenium alloy) mounted on a rotating shaft. When high-energy electrons from the cathode strike the angled surface of the rotating disc, X-rays are produced through bremsstrahlung and characteristic radiation processes. The rotation distributes heat over a larger area, allowing for higher power operation compared to stationary anodes. This component is used in medical imaging, industrial inspection, and scientific analysis equipment. The disc is typically mounted on a molybdenum substrate, which provides structural support and acts as a heat sink. Key parameters include target diameter (50–200 mm), target thickness (1–3 mm), disc diameter (60–220 mm), disc thickness (5–15 mm), surface roughness (0.2–0.8 μm Ra per ISO 4287), flatness (≤0.05 mm per ISO 1101), parallelism (≤0.03 mm per ISO 1101), density (4.5–19.3 g/cm³ per ASTM B311), purity (99.5–99.99% per ASTM E1479), operating temperature (200–1400 °C), thermal conductivity (50–170 W/(m·K) per ASTM E1225), coefficient of thermal expansion (4.5–6.5 ×10⁻⁶/K per ASTM E831), and weight (0.5–5 kg). These values are reference ranges and must be verified for the specific model and application. The anode disc/target is a precision component; its performance directly affects X-ray output quality and tube lifespan. Proper selection requires consideration of the intended X-ray spectrum, power requirements, and thermal management. Always confirm model-specific values and standards with the legal manufacturer or supplier.
Working Principle
The anode disc rotates at high speed (typically 3,000–10,000 RPM) while being bombarded by a focused electron beam from the cathode. The kinetic energy of the electrons is converted to X-rays (approximately 1%) and heat (approximately 99%) upon impact with the target material. The rotation spreads the electron bombardment over an annular focal track, preventing localized overheating and enabling higher thermal loading capacity. The angled surface of the disc ensures that X-rays are emitted in a useful direction. The heat generated is conducted through the disc to the substrate and then dissipated, often with additional cooling mechanisms. The rotation speed and focal track geometry are critical for maintaining thermal balance and preventing material fatigue.
Common Materials
Tungsten (W), Tungsten-Rhenium alloy (W-Re), Molybdenum (Mo) substrate
Technical Parameters
ParameterTypical rangeNotes & selection driver
Target Diameter50–200 mmDetermines focal spot size and heat capacity
Target Thickness1–3 mmAffects heat dissipation and mechanical stability
Disc Diameter60–220 mmOverall anode disc size
Disc Thickness5–15 mmProvides structural support and heat sink
Surface Roughness0.2–0.8 μm RaAffects electron scattering and thermal emissionISO 4287
Flatness≤0.05 mmEnsures uniform electron bombardmentISO 1101
Parallelism≤0.03 mmCritical for consistent X-ray outputISO 1101
Density4.5–19.3 g/cm³Depends on material (e.g., Mo, W, Rh)ASTM B311
Purity99.5–99.99 %Higher purity reduces outgassing and improves X-ray qualityASTM E1479
Operating Temperature200–1400 °CMaximum surface temperature during operation
Thermal Conductivity50–170 W/(m·K)Higher values improve heat dissipationASTM E1225
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion4.5–6.5 ×10⁻⁶/KMismatch with substrate can cause crackingASTM E831
Weight0.5–5 kgAffects rotor dynamics and bearing load

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Components / BOM
  • Target Layer Part
    Primary X-ray emitting surface made of high-Z material
    Material: Tungsten or Tungsten-Rhenium alloy
  • Substrate/Disc Body Part
    Structural support and heat dissipation base
    Material: Molybdenum or Graphite composite
  • Focal Track
    Annular region where electron beam strikes the target
    Material: Tungsten alloy with rhenium for improved thermal properties
  • Mounting Hub Part
    Interface for connection to rotating shaft
    Material: Stainless steel or high-strength alloy

Industry Taxonomies & Aliases

Commonly used trade names and technical identifiers for Anode Disc/Target.

Applied To / Applications

This component is essential for the following industrial systems and equipment:

Industrial Ecosystem & Supply Chain Structure

Complementary Systems
Downstream Applications
Specialized Tooling

Application Fit & Sizing Matrix

Operational Limits
pressure: High vacuum (10^-6 to 10^-9 Torr) required for operation
other spec: Electron beam power density: 1-10 kW/cm² typical, Rotation speed: 100-1000 RPM for heat dissipation
temperature: Up to 1500°C (operating), 2000°C (peak during electron bombardment)
Media Compatibility
✓ High vacuum environments ✓ Medical X-ray tube housings ✓ Industrial non-destructive testing systems
Unsuitable: Atmospheric pressure or oxidizing environments (causes rapid target degradation)
Sizing Data Required
  • Required X-ray energy spectrum (kV range)
  • Maximum continuous power rating (kW)
  • Focal spot size requirements (mm)

Reliability & Engineering Risk Analysis

Failure Mode & Root Cause
Thermal stress cracking
Cause: Rapid temperature cycling during sputtering processes causes uneven expansion/contraction, leading to micro-cracks that propagate through the disc material, often exacerbated by poor cooling system performance or excessive power density.
Target poisoning/contamination
Cause: Reactive gas species (e.g., oxygen, nitrogen) interacting with the sputtering surface, forming insulating compounds that reduce sputtering yield and cause arcing, typically due to improper gas flow control, chamber leaks, or inadequate vacuum conditions.
Maintenance Indicators
  • Visible arcing or sparking observed through chamber viewports during operation
  • Abnormal audible changes in plasma discharge (e.g., popping, crackling, or unstable humming sounds)
Engineering Tips
  • Implement controlled ramp-up/ramp-down procedures for power and temperature to minimize thermal shock, and maintain cooling water parameters (flow rate, temperature, purity) within strict manufacturer specifications.
  • Establish regular preventive maintenance of vacuum seals, gas delivery systems, and chamber integrity to prevent contamination, and utilize target conditioning protocols (pre-sputtering) to remove surface oxides before production runs.

Indicative industry ranges for design and RFQ preparation. Confirm the exact figures and applicable standard with the manufacturer before specifying.

Compliance & Manufacturing Standards

Applicable Standards
ASTM B265-20a - Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate CE Marking - Conformity with EU Directives (e.g., Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC)

Quoted from the published standard.

Manufacturing Precision
  • Bore Diameter: +/-0.02mm
  • Surface Flatness: 0.1mm per 100mm
Quality Inspection
  • Dye Penetrant Test (PT) for Surface Defects
  • Spectrographic Analysis for Material Composition

Manufacturers of Anode Disc/Target

Manufacturer profiles associated with Anode Disc/Target.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What materials are commonly used for anode discs?

Common materials include tungsten (W), tungsten-rhenium alloy (W-Re), and a molybdenum (Mo) substrate. The choice depends on the required X-ray spectrum and thermal properties.

What are typical dimensions for an anode disc?

Typical reference ranges are: target diameter 50–200 mm, target thickness 1–3 mm, disc diameter 60–220 mm, and disc thickness 5–15 mm. These must be confirmed for the specific model.

Why is surface roughness important?

Surface roughness affects electron scattering and thermal emission. The reference range is 0.2–0.8 μm Ra per ISO 4287. Proper roughness helps maintain consistent X-ray output and thermal performance.

How should I verify the quality of an anode disc?

Check parameters such as flatness (≤0.05 mm per ISO 1101), parallelism (≤0.03 mm per ISO 1101), density (per ASTM B311), purity (per ASTM E1479), and thermal conductivity (per ASTM E1225). Always confirm with the manufacturer.

Data Basis

Editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records.

Preliminary Technical Classification
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