Photovoltaic panel (solar PV module)

01

Set power class, efficiency and electrical values

LONGi's Hi-MO 9 product page lists a 144-cell (6 × 24) module on HPBC 2.0 back-contact cells with efficiency up to 24.8% and power up to 670 W. For the LR7-72HYD models at standard test conditions (STC) it gives 635–660 W maximum power, open-circuit voltage 53.50–54.00 V, short-circuit current 15.01–15.41 A, maximum-power voltage 44.36–44.85 V and current 14.32–14.72 A; at nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT) the same models give 483.4–502.4 W. [1]

At the small end, HPS lists a 10 W, 12 V monocrystalline panel for electric fence energisers and battery maintainers. [2]

Editorial calculation: 660 W from a 2.382 × 1.134 m module (2.70 m²) at the STC irradiance of 1,000 W/m² is 660 ÷ 2,701 ≈ 24.4% module efficiency, consistent with the series' up to 24.8% for 670 W. [1]

Give the supplier the power class and tolerance, cell technology (mono PERC, TOPCon, back-contact, bifacial), electrical values at STC and NOCT, maximum system voltage, string design, site temperatures, snow and wind loads, size and weight limits, junction box and connector type, certifications, warranty terms and quantity.

02

Check temperature behaviour, mechanical load, size and warranty

The Hi-MO 9 lists temperature coefficients of −0.260%/°C for peak power, −0.200%/°C for open-circuit voltage and +0.05%/°C for short-circuit current; maximum static load of 5,400 Pa on the front (snow and wind) and 2,400 Pa on the back (wind); a hail test with 25 mm hailstones at 23 m/s; a split junction box rated IP68 with 3 bypass diodes; a size of 2,382 × 1,134 × 30 mm and weight of 33.5 kg; packing of 36 per pallet; and a 12-year product and 30-year power warranty. [1]

Editorial calculation: at a cell temperature of 65 °C (40 °C above the 25 °C STC), a −0.26%/°C coefficient cuts peak power by about 40 × 0.26 = 10.4%, so a 660 W module delivers about 591 W at full irradiance; the −0.20%/°C Voc coefficient raises Voc on cold mornings, which sets how many modules a string can take. [1]

Editorial note: compare mechanical load ratings with the snow and wind loads for your site and the mounting method the supplier's installation manual allows. [1]

03

Compare what suppliers offer

Suppliers linked to this page list PV panels; each card links to the page reviewed.

The listings reviewed cover small 12 V monocrystalline panels and ranges of monocrystalline, polycrystalline, half-cell and bifacial panels sold with inverters and storage. Ask each for the datasheet at STC and NOCT, the certification reports and the warranty terms. [2] [3] [4]

04

Trace what each part controls

This is a functional reference built from the sources cited; it is not one maker's specification.

05

Fill the specification fields with values for your system

A PV panel quotation needs values for your system. The table explains each field, gives published values where a reviewed source states them, and says what to obtain from the supplier.

06

Send the system, site and supply data together

Paste it into your enquiry below or into an email to a maker, then replace every bracket.

Power class: [W; tolerance]
Technology: [mono; TOPCon; BC; bifacial]
Electrical: [Voc; Isc; Vmp; Imp]
System: [max V; inverter]
Site: [°C range; snow Pa; wind Pa]
Size/weight: [mm; kg]
Certificates/warranty: [standards; years]
Quantity: [W or pcs]

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