Editorial Technical Reference

Photovoltaic Panel

This page explains how Photovoltaic Panel is classified within Computer, Electronic and Optical Product Manufacturing. Technical values and manufacturer relationships are research references; confirm the current specification and supplier evidence for each order.

Technical Definition & Core Assembly

A semiconductor device that converts sunlight directly into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect.

Product Specifications

Technical details and manufacturing context for Photovoltaic Panel

Definition
The photovoltaic panel is a component used in outdoor solar bollards, converting solar radiation into direct current (DC) electricity to power LED lighting. It operates autonomously without grid connection, serving as the primary energy source. The panel consists of monocrystalline silicon cells, tempered glass, EVA encapsulant, and an aluminum frame. Key parameters include rated power (300–600 W), module efficiency (18–22%), open circuit voltage (40–50 V), short circuit current (9–15 A), maximum system voltage (1000–1500 V DC), operating temperature (-40 to 85 °C), temperature coefficient of Pmax (-0.35 to -0.40 %/°C), dimensions (1700–2300 x 1000–1200 x 30–50 mm), weight (18–30 kg), IP rating (IP67–IP68), front glass thickness (3.2–4.0 mm), and frame material (anodized aluminum 6063-T5). These values are reference ranges under standard test conditions (IEC 61215) and installation standards (IEC 61730, IEC 60529, GB/T 5237). For a specific bollard model, verify actual specifications with the manufacturer. The panel's performance affects the bollard's lighting duration and brightness. Selection inputs include required power, available mounting area, and environmental conditions. Interfaces include electrical connections to the charge controller and battery. Maintenance signals include reduced power output, physical damage, or discoloration. Failure boundaries include exceeding maximum system voltage or operating temperature limits. Always confirm model-specific values and standards with the legal manufacturer or supplier.
Working Principle
Photons from sunlight strike the semiconductor material (typically silicon) in the photovoltaic cells, dislodging electrons and creating an electric current. Multiple cells are connected in series and parallel within the panel to achieve the required voltage and current output. The generated DC electricity is then used to charge a battery or directly power the LED lighting system in the bollard.
Common Materials
Monocrystalline Silicon, Tempered Glass, EVA Encapsulant, Aluminum Frame
Technical Parameters
ParameterTypical rangeNotes & selection driver
Rated Power300–600 WPower output under standard test conditionsIEC 61215
Module Efficiency18–22 %Higher efficiency reduces footprintIEC 61215
Open Circuit Voltage40–50 VMaximum voltage at no loadIEC 61215
Short Circuit Current9–15 AMaximum current at zero voltageIEC 61215
Maximum System Voltage1000–1500 V DCCompliance with installation standardsIEC 61730
Operating Temperature-40–85 °CPerformance derates outside rangeIEC 61215
Temperature Coefficient of Pmax-0.35–-0.40 %/°CLower absolute value is betterIEC 61215
Dimensions1700–2300 x 1000–1200 x 30–50 mmStandard module sizes
Weight18–30 kgAffects mounting structure
IP RatingIP67–IP68Protection against dust and waterIEC 60529
Front Glass Thickness3.2–4.0 mmImpact resistanceIEC 61215
Frame MaterialAnodized aluminum 6063-T5Corrosion resistanceGB/T 5237

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Components / BOM
  • Solar Cells Part
    Convert sunlight into electrical energy through photovoltaic effect
    Material: Monocrystalline/Polycrystalline Silicon
  • Tempered Glass Cover Part
    Protects cells from environmental damage while allowing maximum light transmission
    Material: Low-Iron Tempered Glass
  • EVA Encapsulation Part
    Seals and protects solar cells from moisture and mechanical stress
    Material: Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate
  • Backsheet Part
    Provides electrical insulation and environmental protection on rear side
    Material: Polymer Composite
  • Junction Box
    Houses electrical connections and bypass diodes for safety
    Material: Plastic with Weatherproof Seal
  • Aluminum Frame Part
    Provides structural support and mounting points for installation
    Material: Anodized Aluminum Alloy

Industry Taxonomies & Aliases

Commonly used trade names and technical identifiers for Photovoltaic Panel.

Applied To / Applications

This component is essential for the following industrial systems and equipment:

Industrial Ecosystem & Supply Chain Structure

Complementary Systems
Downstream Applications
Specialized Tooling

Application Fit & Sizing Matrix

Operational Limits
pressure: Atmospheric pressure (no pressure rating required)
other spec: Irradiance range: 0-1500 W/m², Humidity: 0-100% RH (non-condensing), Wind load: Up to 2400 Pa
temperature: -40°C to +85°C (operational), -40°C to +90°C (storage)
Media Compatibility
✓ Direct sunlight exposure ✓ Grid-tied electrical systems ✓ Outdoor mounting structures (aluminum/steel)
Unsuitable: Submerged or high-saline spray environments (marine splash zones)
Sizing Data Required
  • Peak power requirement (kW)
  • Available installation area (m²)
  • Local solar irradiance data (kWh/m²/day)

Reliability & Engineering Risk Analysis

Failure Mode & Root Cause
Potential Induced Degradation (PID)
Cause: High voltage potential between panel frame and cells causing ion migration, electrolyte formation, and corrosion of cell metallization due to system grounding issues, moisture ingress, or poor panel quality.
Hot Spot Formation
Cause: Localized overheating from cell mismatch, shading, micro-cracks, or solder bond failures leading to thermal runaway, encapsulant browning, and permanent power loss.
Maintenance Indicators
  • Visible browning/yellowing of encapsulant or delamination indicating thermal degradation or moisture ingress
  • Audible cracking/popping sounds during thermal cycling signaling mechanical stress or solder joint failure
Engineering Tips
  • Implement regular infrared thermography surveys to detect hot spots before catastrophic failure, ensuring panels operate within ±5°C of average temperature
  • Use automatic cleaning systems with deionized water to prevent soiling losses while avoiding abrasive damage and ensuring proper drainage to minimize moisture-related failures

Indicative industry ranges for design and RFQ preparation. Confirm the exact figures and applicable standard with the manufacturer before specifying.

Compliance & Manufacturing Standards

Applicable Standards
IEC 61215 (International Electrotechnical Commission standard for terrestrial photovoltaic module design qualification and type approval) UL 1703 (Underwriters Laboratories standard for flat-plate photovoltaic modules and panels)

Quoted from the published standard.

Manufacturing Precision
  • Power output tolerance: +/- 3% (typical for standard efficiency panels)
  • Dimensions tolerance: +/- 2mm (for panel length/width specifications)
Quality Inspection
  • Electroluminescence testing (for detecting micro-cracks and defects in solar cells)
  • Damp heat testing (85°C/85% relative humidity for 1000 hours to verify long-term reliability)

Manufacturers of Photovoltaic Panel

12 companies list this product among what they make. Company figures are quoted from each company's own website; every card states where the relationship came from.

Foshan Shenghai Aluminum Co., Ltd.
Foshan, Guangdong, CN
Founded 2010180+ staff23,000 m²
ISO 9001:2015 GB/T 19001:2016
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
View source page ↗ shenghai-alu.com · checked 2026-08-18
SinoExtrud (Foshan Yonghang Aluminum Co., Ltd)
Foshan, Guangdong, CN
ISO EN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
View source page ↗ sinoextrud.com · checked 2026-08-18
HPS Fencing
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, CN
20,000 square meters
CE ROHS IPX6 CE (TUV)
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “Monocrystalline solar panels”
View source page ↗ hpsfence.com · checked 2026-08-22
Wellste Aluminum
Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, CN
ISO9001-2001 SGS ISO
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
View source page ↗ wellste.com · checked 2026-08-18
Xiamen Apollo Stamping Welding Technology Co., Ltd
Xiamen, Fujian, CN
Founded 2010200 staff
IATF16949:2016 ISO9000 oHS/Reach
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
View source page ↗ stamping-welding.com · checked 2026-08-18
Hangzhou Smart Mfg. Group Co., Ltd.
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, CN
ISO-9001:2015 ISO-14001:2015 ISO-45001:2018 IATF-16949:2016 +1
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
View source page ↗ smartintlgroup.com · checked 2026-08-18
Blue Jay
Chongqing, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “DC energy meter for solar panels”
View source page ↗ cqbluejay.com · checked 2026-08-27
Cheersonic Ultrasonics Equipment Co., Ltd.
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “Solar Panel Coating”
View source page ↗ cheersonic.com · checked 2026-09-10
Chengdu Heltec Energy Technology Co., Ltd.
Chengdu, Sichuan, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “Solar Panel”
View source page ↗ heltec-energy.com · checked 2026-09-03
CNC Electric
Zhejiang, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “Solar Panel”
View source page ↗ cncele.com · checked 2026-08-28
CVSIC
Henan, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “solar panel”
View source page ↗ cvsic.com · checked 2026-09-03
Dezhou Qunfeng Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
Huzhou, Zhejiang, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “Solar Panel Recycling”
View source page ↗ wastemachineltd.com · checked 2026-09-06
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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the typical power output of this photovoltaic panel?

The rated power under standard test conditions ranges from 300 to 600 W, as listed in the directory. However, the actual output for a specific bollard model must be confirmed with the manufacturer.

What standards are referenced for this panel?

The panel references IEC 61215 for performance parameters, IEC 61730 for maximum system voltage, IEC 60529 for IP rating, and GB/T 5237 for frame material. These are verification references, not proof of certification.

How does the panel integrate with a solar bollard?

The panel generates DC electricity that powers the bollard's LED lighting system, either directly or through a battery. It is the primary energy source, enabling off-grid operation.

What maintenance signals should be monitored?

Signals include reduced power output, physical damage to the glass or frame, and discoloration of cells. Regular cleaning and inspection are recommended to maintain performance.

Data Basis

Editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records.

Preliminary Technical Classification
This page supports structured research, RFQ preparation, and supplier evaluation. It does not replace buyer-led supplier qualification, standards review, or technical approval.
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