X-ray Tube for Radiation Therapy Simulators

Q: What is the typical anode voltage range for this X-ray tube?

The anode voltage is typically in the range of 40 to 150 kV, as listed in the directory. Higher voltage increases penetration. However, the exact value depends on the specific model and application, so verify with the manufacturer.

Q: What materials are used in the construction of the X-ray tube?

The anode and rotor are typically made of tungsten, the anode target may use a rhenium alloy, the anode stem and heat sink are copper, the envelope is glass or ceramic, and a molybdenum cup or support may be used. These materials are standard for heat dissipation and X-ray generation.

Q: What standards apply to this X-ray tube?

Relevant standards include IEC 60601-1 for general safety, IEC 60336 for focal spot size, IEC 60613 for heat capacity, and IEC 60601-1-3 for leakage radiation. These are reference standards for verification, not proof of certification for a specific product.

Q: How should I verify the performance of this X-ray tube?

Check the specified parameters such as anode voltage, tube current, focal spot size, and heat capacity against the manufacturer's datasheet. Also verify cooling water flow rate and temperature limits. Always confirm model-specific values with the legal manufacturer or supplier.

Product Specifications

Technical details and manufacturing context for X-ray Tube

Definition

The X-ray tube is a critical component within a Radiation Therapy Simulator, responsible for producing the X-ray beam used for imaging and localization. It enables precise targeting and verification of treatment areas by generating diagnostic-quality X-ray images that simulate the radiation therapy beam's path. The tube operates by heating a cathode filament to emit electrons via thermionic emission. These electrons are accelerated by a high voltage (typically tens to hundreds of kilovolts) towards a rotating anode (target). Upon striking the anode, a small fraction (≈1%) of the kinetic energy is converted into X-rays via bremsstrahlung and characteristic radiation, while the majority is dissipated as heat. The anode is typically made of tungsten or a rhenium alloy, mounted on a copper stem for heat dissipation, and enclosed in a glass or ceramic envelope. A molybdenum cup or support may be used for focusing. Key parameters include anode voltage (40–150 kV), filament current (3–7 A), tube current (1–1000 mA), focal spot size (0.3–1.2 mm), anode angle (12–17°), heat capacity (300–500 kHU), maximum continuous power (2–80 kW), operating temperature (10–40 °C), storage temperature (-20–60 °C), maximum anode inlet cooling water temperature (50 °C), cooling water flow rate (4–20 L/min), weight (5–50 kg), and leakage radiation (<2.5 mGy/h at 1 m). These values are reference ranges and must be verified for the specific model and application. The tube is subject to standards such as IEC 60601-1, IEC 60336, IEC 60613, and IEC 60601-1-3, which serve as procurement and verification references. Proper cooling, electrical supply, and alignment are essential for reliable operation. Overheating, excessive leakage radiation, or failure to meet specified parameters may indicate the need for maintenance or replacement. Always consult the legal manufacturer or supplier for model-specific values and compliance.

Working Principle

A cathode filament is heated to emit electrons via thermionic emission. These electrons are accelerated by a high voltage (typically tens to hundreds of kilovolts) towards a rotating anode (target). Upon striking the anode, the kinetic energy of the electrons is converted, with a small fraction (≈1%) into X-rays via bremsstrahlung and characteristic radiation, while the majority is dissipated as heat.

Common Materials

Tungsten (Anode/Rotor), Rhenium alloy (Anode target), Copper (Anode stem/heat sink), Glass or Ceramic (Envelope), Molybdenum (Cup/Support)

Technical Parameters

Parameter	Typical range	Notes & selection driver
Anode Voltage	40–150 kV	Higher voltage increases penetrationIEC 60601-1
Filament Current	3–7 A	Controls tube current
Tube Current	1–1000 mA	Higher current increases dose
Focal Spot Size	0.3–1.2 mm	Smaller spot improves resolutionIEC 60336
Anode Angle	12–17 °	Affects field coverage and heat load
Heat Capacity	300–500 kHU	Determines duty cycleIEC 60613
Maximum Continuous Power	2–80 kW	Limited by anode cooling
Operating Temperature	10–40 °C	Outside range may degrade performanceIEC 60601-1
Storage Temperature	-20–60 °C	Avoid extreme cold to prevent damage
Maximum Anode Inlet Cooling Water Temperature	50 °C	Exceeding may cause overheating
Cooling Water Flow Rate	4–20 L/min	Required for heat dissipation
Weight	5–50 kg	Affects mounting and handling
Leakage Radiation	<2.5 mGy/h	At 1 m from focal spotIEC 60601-1-3

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Components / BOM

Cathode Assembly (Filament) Part
Heats up to emit a cloud of electrons via thermionic emission when current is applied.

Material: Tungsten wire
Rotating Anode (Target)
Metal disc (often tungsten-rhenium alloy) that rotates to distribute heat; electrons strike it to produce X-rays.

Material: Tungsten-Rhenium alloy on Molybdenum core
Glass or Metal-Ceramic Envelope Part
Maintains a high vacuum to allow electron flow without collisions with gas molecules and provides electrical insulation.

Material: Borosilicate glass or Aluminum oxide ceramic
Rotor/Stator Assembly
Electromagnetic system that drives the high-speed rotation of the anode to dissipate heat.

Material: Copper windings (stator), Steel alloy (rotor)

Applied To / Applications

This component is essential for the following industrial systems and equipment:

Radiation Therapy Simulator

View system integration details

Manufacturers of X-ray Tube

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the typical anode voltage range for this X-ray tube?

The anode voltage is typically in the range of 40 to 150 kV, as listed in the directory. Higher voltage increases penetration. However, the exact value depends on the specific model and application, so verify with the manufacturer.

What materials are used in the construction of the X-ray tube?

The anode and rotor are typically made of tungsten, the anode target may use a rhenium alloy, the anode stem and heat sink are copper, the envelope is glass or ceramic, and a molybdenum cup or support may be used. These materials are standard for heat dissipation and X-ray generation.

What standards apply to this X-ray tube?

Relevant standards include IEC 60601-1 for general safety, IEC 60336 for focal spot size, IEC 60613 for heat capacity, and IEC 60601-1-3 for leakage radiation. These are reference standards for verification, not proof of certification for a specific product.

How should I verify the performance of this X-ray tube?

Check the specified parameters such as anode voltage, tube current, focal spot size, and heat capacity against the manufacturer's datasheet. Also verify cooling water flow rate and temperature limits. Always confirm model-specific values with the legal manufacturer or supplier.

Data Basis

Editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records.

Preliminary Technical Classification

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pressure:	Atmospheric to 1.5 bar absolute (vacuum maintained internally)
other spec:	Cooling water flow: 2-10 L/min, Voltage range: 40-150 kV, Current range: 0.1-1000 mA
temperature:	Operating: 10°C to 40°C, Storage: -20°C to 60°C

X-ray Tube

Product Specifications

Applied To / Applications

Industrial Ecosystem & Supply Chain Structure

Application Fit & Sizing Matrix

Reliability & Engineering Risk Analysis

Compliance & Manufacturing Standards