Linear Guide / Bearing System

Product Specifications

Technical details and manufacturing context for Linear Guide / Bearing System

Definition

The Linear Guide / Bearing System is a critical component within a Precision Positioning Stage, constraining motion to a single linear axis with high accuracy and repeatability. It supports and guides the moving platform or carriage, minimizing friction and wear while maintaining precise alignment under load. This system is fundamental to achieving the micron-level positioning required in high-precision applications. The system typically consists of a hardened steel rail and a carriage block containing recirculating ball or roller bearings. As the carriage moves along the rail, the rolling elements circulate within precision-machined raceways, converting sliding friction into rolling friction. This design provides smooth, low-resistance motion, high load capacity, and excellent rigidity. Preloading mechanisms are often used to eliminate internal clearance and enhance system stiffness. Materials on file include hardened bearing steel (e.g., GCr15/52100), stainless steel (e.g., SUS440C), and aluminum alloy for carriage housings. Key parameters include rail width (15–65 mm, ISO 12090-1), carriage length (50–200 mm), dynamic load rating (5–120 kN, ISO 14728-1), static load rating (10–250 kN, ISO 14728-1), accuracy grade (C1–C5, ISO 12090-1), running parallelism (0.003–0.023 mm per 1000 mm travel, ISO 12090-1), maximum speed (60–300 m/min), operating temperature (-20–80 °C), lubrication (grease or oil), sealing class (IP54–IP65, IEC 60529), rail material (GCr15 or 55Cr3, GB/T 18254), carriage material (GCr15 or 20CrMnTi, GB/T 18254), and weight per meter (2–15 kg/m). These values are directory reference ranges and must be confirmed for the actual model and application. Always verify model-specific values and standards with the legal manufacturer or supplier.

Working Principle

The system operates by recirculating rolling elements between the rail and carriage. The carriage moves along the rail, and the balls or rollers travel in precision raceways, reducing friction. Preloading removes clearance, increasing stiffness. This allows precise linear motion with high load capacity and rigidity.

Common Materials

Hardened bearing steel (e.g., GCr15/52100), Stainless steel (e.g., SUS440C), Aluminum alloy (for carriage housings)

Technical Parameters

Parameter	Typical range	Notes & selection driver
Rail Width	15–65 mm	Determines load capacity and stiffness.ISO 12090-1
Carriage Length	50–200 mm	Affects moment load capacity.
Dynamic Load Rating	5–120 kN	For L=100 km life.ISO 14728-1
Static Load Rating	10–250 kN	Max allowable static load.ISO 14728-1
Accuracy Grade	C1–C5	C1 highest precision.ISO 12090-1
Running Parallelism	0.003–0.023 mm	Per 1000 mm travel.ISO 12090-1
Maximum Speed	60–300 m/min	Depends on lubrication and seal.
Operating Temperature	-20–80 °C	Continuous operation range.
Lubrication	Grease or oil	Grease for most applications.
Sealing Class	IP54–IP65	Higher IP for harsh environments.IEC 60529
Rail Material	GCr15 or 55Cr3	Bearing steel for hardness.GB/T 18254
Carriage Material	GCr15 or 20CrMnTi	Case-hardened steel.GB/T 18254
Weight per Meter	2–15 kg/m	For rail only.

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Components / BOM

Rail Part
Provides the hardened, precision-ground track for the carriage to travel along. It is rigidly mounted to the base structure.

Material: Hardened bearing steel
Carriage Block
The moving element that houses the bearing recirculation system. It attaches to the load (e.g., a stage platform) and travels along the rail.

Material: Hardened bearing steel (internal components), Aluminum alloy (housing)
Ball or Roller Bearings Part
Recirculating rolling elements that provide smooth, low-friction motion between the carriage and rail.

Material: Hardened bearing steel, Ceramic (for high-speed/low-contamination applications)
End Seal / Wiper Part
Protects the internal bearing raceways from dust, chips, and other contaminants.

Material: Synthetic rubber, Polyurethane

Applied To / Applications

This component is essential for the following industrial systems and equipment:

Precision Positioning Stage

View system integration details

Manufacturers of Linear Guide / Bearing System

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the typical accuracy grade for this system?

Accuracy grades range from C1 to C5 per ISO 12090-1, with C1 being the highest precision. The specific grade required depends on the application's positioning accuracy needs.

What materials are commonly used for the rail and carriage?

Rail material is typically hardened bearing steel such as GCr15 or 55Cr3 (per GB/T 18254). Carriage material may be GCr15 or case-hardened steel like 20CrMnTi. Stainless steel options like SUS440C are available for corrosion resistance.

How does preloading affect performance?

Preloading eliminates internal clearance between rolling elements and raceways, increasing system stiffness and reducing deflection under load. This improves positioning accuracy and repeatability but may increase friction and wear.

What is the maximum operating speed?

The maximum speed ranges from 60 to 300 m/min, depending on lubrication, sealing, and load conditions. Higher speeds may require special lubrication or cooling.

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pressure:	Max 10 MPa static load capacity, dynamic loads typically 30-50% lower
other spec:	Max velocity: 5 m/s, acceleration: 50 m/s², lubrication intervals: 100-1000 km travel
temperature:	-20°C to +80°C (standard), -40°C to +120°C (special variants)

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