Spindle motor

01

Size power, speed and torque for the material

Jianken, a spindle maker listed here, says bigger power is not automatically better and gives rough ranges by machine type: about 1.5–3.0 kW for soft advertising materials, 2.2–4.5 kW for woodworking, 4.5–7.5 kW for stone carving, 3.0–4.5 kW for tombstone carving, 2.2–3.0 kW for jade carving and 0.7–1.5 kW for PCB work; oversizing wastes energy and money, undersizing fails the job. [2]

Its range covers speeds from about 5,000 to 80,000 rpm and power from 70 W to 30 kW, including constant-power and constant-torque spindles, and automatic tool-change spindles such as the JGL-80 at 2.2 kW and 24,000 rpm with an ISO20 or ER16 tool interface and 110, 220 or 380 V versions. [1]

Editorial calculation: torque = power ÷ angular speed. At 2.2 kW and 24,000 rpm, ω = 24,000 × 2π ÷ 60 ≈ 2,513 rad/s, so torque ≈ 2,200 ÷ 2,513 ≈ 0.88 N·m. For a two-pole motor, speed in rpm = 60 × drive frequency, so 24,000 rpm needs 400 Hz from the drive. [1] Ask for the torque and power curves and the pole count.

Give the supplier the machine type and materials, cutters and depths, required speed range, tool interface (collet or ATC taper), cooling preference, supply voltage, drive (VFD) model, mounting diameter and any encoder or orientation needs.

02

Plan cooling, drive and start-up

Huajiang lists air-cooled spindles from 0.5 to 9 kW and water-cooled spindles from 0.8 to 7.5 kW, with ER20 four-bearing models and spindle-plus-VFD kits. [4] For water-cooled spindles, Jianken says to confirm the cooling circuit is clear with at least 1.5 L/min flow and water hardness of 1–15 dH and pH 7–9. [3]

Jianken's start-up procedure for a spindle and VFD after long storage: inspect, test drive insulation to at least 5 MΩ with a 500 V or 1,000 V tester, power a drive stored more than two years up through a variable transformer at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of rated voltage for 30 minutes each, keep the spindle within 10 °C of room temperature to avoid condensation, then run at 50% of rated speed for 5 minutes and 80% for 2 minutes before loading. It recommends storage under two years at 10–30 °C and below 50% humidity. [3]

03

Which maker lists which spindle type

Jianken lists ATC, constant-power, constant-torque, grinding and permanent-magnet spindles; Huajiang lists air- and water-cooled spindles and VFD kits; Xianlong lists high-speed and PCB drilling spindles; Hongyang lists spindle motor series and spindle cooling with CNC routers; Raydafon lists spindle motors among transmission parts; Huazhong lists spindle drives and motors with CNC controllers.

04

Rotor, bearings, tool interface and cooling of a motorized spindle

The encoder row has no source here; ask for one only if the machine orients the spindle for automatic tool change.

05

Power, speed, voltage and balance data for your router or machining centre

Rated torque and drive frequency follow from power, speed and pole count as worked out above, so ask for the torque curve rather than a single rated figure; balancing grade, noise and insulation class have no published value here.

06

Send the machine, cutting and drive data together

Paste it into your enquiry below or into an email to a maker, then replace every bracket.

Machine: [type; Z-axis mounting diameter]
Cutting: [materials; cutters; depth]
Spindle: [power; speed range; torque]
Tool: [ER collet or ISO/BT taper; manual or ATC]
Cooling: [air or water; chiller]
Drive: [VFD model; voltage; frequency]
Options: [encoder; sensors]
Documents: [power and torque curves; run-in and storage instructions]

See manufacturer records Send an enquiry through CNFX