Editorial Technical Reference

Stepper Motor

This page explains how Stepper Motor is classified within Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing. Technical values and manufacturer relationships are research references; confirm the current specification and supplier evidence for each order.

Technical Definition & Core Assembly

A brushless DC electric motor that divides a full rotation into a number of equal steps for precise positioning control.

Representative product image. Confirm appearance and specifications with the manufacturer.

Product Specifications

Technical details and manufacturing context for Stepper Motor

Definition
A stepper motor is an electromechanical device that converts digital pulses into discrete mechanical movements. Within a focusing mechanism, it provides precise angular positioning to adjust optical elements (such as lenses) with high accuracy and repeatability, enabling fine-tuned focus control in applications like cameras, microscopes, and laser systems. The motor operates by energizing electromagnetic coils in a stator in a specific sequence, creating a rotating magnetic field that attracts the permanent magnet rotor. Each pulse from a controller advances the rotor by one step angle, allowing precise open-loop control of position without feedback sensors. This product is a component used in machinery and equipment manufacturing, typically integrated into systems requiring controlled motion. Key parameters include step angle (commonly 1.8° ±5%, with 0.9° available for higher resolution), holding torque (0.1–12 N·m), rated current per phase (0.5–6.0 A), phase resistance (0.5–10 Ω), phase inductance (1–50 mH), insulation class (B, 130°C per IEC 60085), IP rating (IP40–IP65 per IEC 60529), ambient temperature (-20–+50°C), shaft diameter (4–14 mm), frame size (NEMA 08–42 per NEMA MG 1), weight (0.1–10 kg), and number of leads (4, 6, or 8). Materials typically include electrical steel laminations, copper windings, permanent magnets (neodymium or ferrite), and aluminum or steel housing. Selection requires verifying these parameters against the specific application, considering load torque, speed, and environmental conditions. Always confirm model-specific values and standards with the legal manufacturer or supplier before procurement.
Working Principle
The motor operates by energizing electromagnetic coils in a stator in a specific sequence, creating a rotating magnetic field that attracts the permanent magnet rotor. Each pulse from a controller advances the rotor by one step angle, allowing precise open-loop control of position without feedback sensors. The step angle is determined by the motor's construction and the drive sequence. By controlling the pulse rate and number, the motor can achieve precise positioning and speed control. The holding torque maintains the rotor position when the motor is stationary but energized. The motor's performance is influenced by parameters such as phase current, resistance, and inductance, which affect torque-speed characteristics and heat generation.
Common Materials
Electrical steel laminations, Copper windings, Permanent magnets (neodymium or ferrite), Aluminum or steel housing
Technical Parameters
ParameterTypical rangeNotes & selection driver
Step Angle1.8° ±5% °Common full-step angle; 0.9° available for higher resolution
Holding Torque0.1–12 N·mSelect based on load torque with safety factor
Rated Current per Phase0.5–6.0 ASet driver current to rated value to prevent overheating
Phase Resistance0.5–10 ΩAffects torque-speed characteristics and driver voltage
Phase Inductance1–50 mHHigher inductance reduces high-speed torque
Insulation ClassB (130°C)Higher class (F, H) for higher ambient temperaturesIEC 60085
IP RatingIP40–IP65IP65 for dusty or wet environmentsIEC 60529
Ambient Temperature-20–+50 °CDerate torque above 50°C
Shaft Diameter4–14 mmMatch coupling or pulley bore
Frame SizeNEMA 08–42Defines mounting dimensions and torque rangeNEMA MG 1
Weight0.1–10 kgConsider for system inertia and mounting
Number of Leads4, 6, or 84-lead for bipolar, 6/8-lead for unipolar or series/parallel

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Components / BOM
  • Stator
    Stationary part containing electromagnetic coils that generate rotating magnetic field
    Material: Electrical steel laminations with copper windings
  • Rotor Part
    Rotating part with permanent magnets that aligns with stator magnetic field
    Material: Permanent magnet material (neodymium or ferrite)
  • Shaft Part
    Mechanical output interface that transfers torque to external load
    Material: Stainless steel or hardened steel
  • Bearings
    Support rotor shaft rotation with minimal friction
    Material: Stainless steel balls with steel races

Applied To / Applications

This component is essential for the following industrial systems and equipment:

Industrial Ecosystem & Supply Chain Structure

Complementary Systems
Downstream Applications
Specialized Tooling

Application Fit & Sizing Matrix

Operational Limits
pressure: Atmospheric (not pressure-rated, typically used in non-pressurized environments)
other spec: Step angle: 0.9° to 15° typical, Holding torque: 0.01 Nm to 20+ Nm, Max speed: 1000-5000 RPM depending on driver
temperature: -20°C to +85°C (operating), -40°C to +105°C (storage)
Media Compatibility
✓ Clean air environments ✓ Dry inert gases ✓ Non-corrosive industrial atmospheres
Unsuitable: Submerged or high-humidity corrosive environments without proper IP-rated housing
Sizing Data Required
  • Required torque (Nm) at operating speed
  • Step resolution/positioning accuracy (degrees or steps/rev)
  • Power supply voltage and current rating

Reliability & Engineering Risk Analysis

Failure Mode & Root Cause
Stator winding insulation breakdown
Cause: Thermal overload from excessive current, voltage spikes, or poor cooling leading to insulation degradation and short circuits
Bearing wear and seizure
Cause: Contamination (dust, moisture), inadequate lubrication, misalignment, or excessive axial/radial loads causing mechanical failure
Maintenance Indicators
  • Audible grinding or clicking noises during operation indicating bearing wear or mechanical obstruction
  • Erratic movement, missed steps, or loss of positional accuracy suggesting electrical issues or mechanical binding
Engineering Tips
  • Implement proper heat management with adequate ventilation or heatsinks, and use current-limiting drivers to prevent thermal damage to windings
  • Establish regular cleaning schedules to prevent contamination, ensure proper lubrication of bearings, and verify alignment with driven loads

Indicative industry ranges for design and RFQ preparation. Confirm the exact figures and applicable standard with the manufacturer before specifying.

Compliance & Manufacturing Standards

Applicable Standards
IEC 60034-1:2022 - Rotating Electrical Machines EN 60034-1:2018 - Rotating Electrical Machines (CE marking)

Quoted from the published standard.

Manufacturing Precision
  • Bore Diameter: +/-0.01 mm
  • Axial Runout: 0.02 mm max
Quality Inspection
  • Step Angle Accuracy Test
  • Insulation Resistance Test

Manufacturers of Stepper Motor

12 companies list this product among what they make. Company figures are quoted from each company's own website; every card states where the relationship came from.

Wenzhou Deyi Machinery
Wenzhou, Zhejiang, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Changzhou Jkongmotor Co., Ltd.
Changzhou, Jiangsu, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Changzhou Sunrise Electric Motor Co., Ltd.
Shanghai, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Chipown Semiconductor
年在科创板上, Shanghai, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
FUYU Technology
Sichuan, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Guangzhou Kaihui Electronics Co., Ltd.
Guangdong, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Hangzhou ANG Drive Co., Ltd.
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Hangzhou Shengjie Reducer
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, CN
Also makes: Electric Motor, Gear Reducer, Transmission and 3 more
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Lammotor
Jiaxing, Zhejiang, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
LEFOO Industrial Co., Ltd.
Zhejiang, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Newdose Pump
Beijing, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Shenzhen Lichuan Electric Co., Ltd.
Guangdong, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
View All Factories

Manufacturer listings support early research and capability understanding. They are not certification, ranking, or transaction guarantees.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the step angle of a stepper motor?

The step angle is the angular rotation per pulse. Common values are 1.8° (200 steps per revolution) and 0.9° (400 steps per revolution). The exact value is specified by the manufacturer and should be confirmed for the specific model.

How do I select the right holding torque?

Holding torque must be greater than the load torque plus a safety factor. Consider the application's load, friction, and acceleration requirements. The torque range for this product category is 0.1–12 N·m, but the actual required value depends on your system.

What does the IP rating indicate?

IP rating indicates the degree of protection against dust and water ingress. For example, IP65 offers dust-tight and water-jet protection. Choose an IP rating based on the operating environment. The range for this product is IP40–IP65, but verify the specific model's rating.

Can I use a stepper motor without a feedback sensor?

Yes, stepper motors are designed for open-loop control. The controller sends pulses, and the motor moves a precise step angle per pulse. However, if the load exceeds the motor's torque, steps may be missed, so proper sizing is essential.

Data Basis

Editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records.

Preliminary Technical Classification
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