Editorial Technical Reference

Transformer

This page explains how Transformer is classified within Electrical Equipment Manufacturing. Technical values and manufacturer relationships are research references; confirm the current specification and supplier evidence for each order.

Technical Definition & Core Assembly

An electromagnetic device that transfers electrical energy between circuits through electromagnetic induction, typically used to change voltage levels.

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Product Specifications

Technical details and manufacturing context for Transformer

Definition
Within a Power Supply Unit (PSU), the transformer is a critical component responsible for converting the input AC voltage (e.g., 120V or 230V) to a different, typically lower, AC voltage suitable for the PSU's internal circuitry. It provides electrical isolation between the primary (input) and secondary (output) circuits, enhancing safety and enabling voltage transformation. The transformer operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction. An alternating current in the primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core. This varying flux induces a voltage in the secondary winding. The ratio of the number of turns in the primary and secondary windings determines the voltage transformation ratio (V_secondary / V_primary ≈ N_secondary / N_primary).

Typical parameters for distribution transformers include rated power from 50 to 2500 kVA, primary voltage from 6 to 35 kV, secondary voltage from 0.4 to 10 kV, impedance voltage from 4% to 10%, no-load loss from 0.2 to 3.5 kW, load loss from 1 to 15 kW, efficiency from 96% to 99%, insulation class from B to H, temperature rise from 60 to 100 K, cooling methods such as ONAN to OFAF, degree of protection from IP20 to IP55, ambient temperature from -25°C to 40°C, and weight from 500 to 15000 kg. These values are reference ranges per IEC 60076 and IEC 60529; actual values must be confirmed with the manufacturer for the specific model.

Materials typically used include silicon steel for the core, copper for the windings, and insulating materials such as varnish, paper, and plastic. The transformer is designed and tested according to standards like IEC 60076 and IEC 60085. When selecting a transformer, verify the required voltage transformation, power rating, efficiency, and cooling method. Maintenance signals include unusual noise, overheating, or oil leaks (if oil-filled). Failure boundaries include insulation breakdown, winding short circuits, and core saturation. Always consult the legal manufacturer or supplier to confirm model-specific values and standards compliance.
Working Principle
The transformer operates on electromagnetic induction. An alternating current in the primary winding generates a varying magnetic flux in the core. This flux links the secondary winding, inducing a voltage. The voltage ratio equals the turns ratio. The core is typically made of silicon steel to reduce losses, and windings are copper. Insulation materials separate windings and core. The transformer provides electrical isolation and voltage transformation.
Common Materials
Silicon Steel (for the core), Copper (for the windings), Insulating Materials (e.g., varnish, paper, plastic)
Technical Parameters
ParameterTypical rangeNotes & selection driver
Rated Power50–2500 kVADetermines size and costIEC 60076
Primary Voltage6–35 kVGrid compatibilityIEC 60076
Secondary Voltage0.4–10 kVLoad requirementsIEC 60076
Impedance Voltage4–10 %Affects fault current and regulationIEC 60076
No-Load Loss0.2–3.5 kWContinuous costIEC 60076
Load Loss1–15 kWEfficiency under loadIEC 60076
Efficiency96–99 %Energy savingsIEC 60076
Insulation ClassB–HThermal limitIEC 60085
Temperature Rise60–100 KAffects insulation lifeIEC 60076
Cooling MethodONAN–OFAFHeat dissipationIEC 60076
Degree of ProtectionIP20–IP55Environmental resistanceIEC 60529
Ambient Temperature-25–40 °COperating limitsIEC 60076
Weight500–15000 kgTransport and installation

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Components / BOM
  • Core Part
    Provides a low-reluctance path for the magnetic flux, typically made of laminated silicon steel to reduce eddy current losses.
    Material: Silicon Steel
  • Primary Winding Part
    The coil connected to the input power source, where the alternating current creates the initial magnetic flux.
    Material: Copper
  • Secondary Winding Part
    The coil where the output voltage is induced via the changing magnetic flux from the primary.
    Material: Copper
  • Insulation Part
    Electrically isolates the windings from each other and from the core to prevent short circuits and ensure safety.
    Material: Insulating Varnish/Paper/Plastic
  • Bobbin Part
    A frame or spool that holds and organizes the windings, providing structural support and aiding in winding placement.
    Material: Plastic (e.g., PET, PBT)

Applied To / Applications

This component is essential for the following industrial systems and equipment:

Power Supply Unit
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Welding Power Supplies
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Power Supply
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Rectifier Circuit
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Isolated Power Supply
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Power Supply Unit (PSU)
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Power Supply Section
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Magnetics Module
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DC Power Supply
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Industrial Ecosystem & Supply Chain Structure

Complementary Systems
Downstream Applications
Specialized Tooling

Application Fit & Sizing Matrix

Operational Limits
pressure: Atmospheric to 1.5 bar (typical), up to 10 bar for sealed units
other spec: Frequency: 50/60 Hz (standard), up to 400 Hz for special designs; Humidity: 0-95% non-condensing
temperature: -40°C to 150°C (ambient), 80°C to 180°C (winding hot spot)
Media Compatibility
✓ Mineral oil insulation ✓ Dry air (nitrogen) environment ✓ Silicone-based cooling fluids
Unsuitable: Chlorinated hydrocarbon vapors (cause insulation degradation)
Sizing Data Required
  • Required power rating (kVA/MVA)
  • Primary and secondary voltage levels (kV)
  • Load profile (continuous/intermittent) and power factor

Reliability & Engineering Risk Analysis

Failure Mode & Root Cause
Insulation degradation
Cause: Thermal aging from overloading, moisture ingress, or contamination reducing dielectric strength
Winding failure
Cause: Mechanical stress from through-fault currents, thermal cycling, or loose connections leading to short circuits
Maintenance Indicators
  • Abnormal audible humming or gurgling sounds indicating internal arcing or oil breakdown
  • Visible oil leaks or discoloration in insulating oil suggesting overheating or contamination
Engineering Tips
  • Implement regular dissolved gas analysis (DGA) to detect incipient faults in oil-filled transformers before catastrophic failure
  • Maintain proper cooling system operation and ensure clean, dry breathers to prevent moisture ingress and thermal stress

Indicative industry ranges for design and RFQ preparation. Confirm the exact figures and applicable standard with the manufacturer before specifying.

Compliance & Manufacturing Standards

Applicable Standards
IEC 60076 (Power Transformers) IEEE C57.12.00 (General Requirements for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers)

Quoted from the published standard.

Manufacturing Precision
  • Winding Resistance: +/- 2% of calculated value
  • Insulation Resistance: Minimum 1000 MΩ at 20°C
Quality Inspection
  • Impulse Withstand Voltage Test
  • Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) in Oil

Manufacturers of Transformer

2 companies list this product among what they make. Company figures are quoted from each company's own website; every card states where the relationship came from.

MORNSUN Guangzhou Science & Technology Co., Ltd.
Guangzhou, Guangdong, CN
IATF16949 EN60335-1 EN50155
Also makes: Computer Power Supply Unit (PSU) Voltage Regulator Module, Transceiver Module
Stated by the company · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
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Shenzhen Sunlord Electronics Co., Ltd.
Shenzhen, Guangdong, CN
Founded 2000
Also makes: Precision Ceramic Component
Stated by the company · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
View profile Send enquiry

Manufacturer listings support early research and capability understanding. They are not certification, ranking, or transaction guarantees.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the role of a transformer in a power supply unit?

The transformer converts input AC voltage to a different level suitable for the PSU's internal circuitry, and provides electrical isolation between input and output for safety.

How is the voltage transformation ratio determined?

The ratio of secondary voltage to primary voltage is approximately equal to the ratio of the number of turns in the secondary winding to the primary winding.

What materials are typically used in transformer construction?

Common materials include silicon steel for the core, copper for windings, and insulating materials like varnish, paper, and plastic.

Which standards apply to transformers?

Relevant standards include IEC 60076 for power transformers and IEC 60085 for insulation classification. Always verify compliance with the manufacturer.
Data basis: editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records. See the editorial policy.

Data Basis

Editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records.

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