Editorial Technical Reference

CNC Vertical Lathe

This page explains how CNC Vertical Lathe is classified within Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing. Technical values and manufacturer relationships are research references; confirm the current specification and supplier evidence for each order.

Technical Definition & Core Assembly

A computer-controlled vertical lathe for precision machining of large, heavy workpieces.

Representative product image. Confirm appearance and specifications with the manufacturer.

Product Specifications

Technical details and manufacturing context for CNC Vertical Lathe

Definition
A CNC vertical lathe is a computer numerically controlled machine tool designed for turning operations where the workpiece rotates vertically on a horizontal table. It features a vertical spindle orientation, making it ideal for machining large, heavy, or asymmetrical components that are difficult to mount on horizontal lathes. The machine typically includes a vertical column, a rotating worktable (chuck), and a tool turret or tool post that moves along X and Z axes to perform cutting operations with high precision and repeatability. The CNC system interprets G-code instructions to precisely control spindle speed, feed rates, tool positioning, and cutting depth, enabling automated machining of complex geometries with minimal human intervention. This type of lathe is commonly used in industries such as aerospace, energy, and heavy equipment manufacturing, where components like large gears, flanges, and housings require high accuracy and surface finish. The vertical orientation facilitates chip removal and reduces the floor space required compared to horizontal lathes of similar capacity. Key specifications include a maximum turning diameter of 800–2000 mm, maximum turning height of 600–1500 mm, spindle speed range of 20–2000 rpm, main motor power of 30–75 kW, positioning accuracy of ±0.01–±0.02 mm (per ISO 230-2), rapid traverse rate of 10–20 m/min, maximum workpiece weight of 3000–10000 kg, table diameter of 800–2000 mm, power supply of 380 V, 50 Hz, 3-phase (per IEC 60038), machine weight of 12000–25000 kg, operating temperature of 5–40 °C (per ISO 10791-1), humidity range of ≤75% RH (non-condensing), and spindle motor power of 30–75 kW. These values are typical ranges and must be verified with the manufacturer for specific models. The machine is constructed from cast iron and steel alloys, providing rigidity and damping for heavy-duty cutting. Always confirm model-specific values and standards with the legal manufacturer or supplier before procurement.
Working Principle
The CNC vertical lathe operates by rotating a workpiece clamped on a vertical worktable while computer-controlled cutting tools mounted on a tool turret or tool post move along programmed paths (X and Z axes) to remove material. The CNC system interprets G-code instructions to precisely control spindle speed, feed rates, tool positioning, and cutting depth, enabling automated machining of complex geometries with minimal human intervention. The vertical orientation allows gravity to assist in chip evacuation and reduces the risk of workpiece deflection. The operator inputs the machining program, and the machine executes it with high repeatability, making it suitable for batch production and high-precision components.
Common Materials
Cast Iron, Steel Alloys
Technical Parameters
ParameterTypical rangeNotes & selection driver
Maximum Turning DiameterRequired800–2000 mmLargest diameter of workpiece that can be machined
Maximum Turning HeightRequired600–1500 mmMaximum height of workpiece that can be machined
Spindle SpeedRequired20–2000 rpmRotational speed of the worktable
Main Motor PowerRequired30–75 kWPower of the main spindle motor
Positioning AccuracyRequired±0.01–±0.02 mmAccuracy of tool positioningISO 230-2
Rapid Traverse Rate (X/Z)10–20 m/minAffects cycle time and productivity.
Maximum Workpiece Weight3000–10000 kgLimits the weight the table and spindle can support.
Table Diameter800–2000 mmMatches the maximum turning diameter.
Power Supply380 V, 50 Hz, 3-phaseStandard industrial power in China.IEC 60038
Machine Weight12000–25000 kgImportant for foundation and installation.
Operating Temperature5–40 °COutside this range, accuracy may degrade.ISO 10791-1
Humidity Range≤75% RHNon-condensing to prevent corrosion and electrical issues.
Spindle Motor Power30–75 kWSame as main motor power for direct drive.

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Components / BOM
  • Vertical Column Part
    Provides structural support and houses the vertical slide ways for tool movement
    Material: Cast Iron
  • Rotating Worktable
    Holds and rotates the workpiece during machining operations
    Material: Cast Iron with hardened steel surface
  • Tool Turret
    Holds multiple cutting tools and indexes them into position for different operations
    Material: Steel Alloy
  • CNC Control System
    Processes programming instructions and controls all machine movements and operations
    Material: Electronic components
  • Coolant System
    Provides cooling and lubrication during cutting operations
    Material: Stainless Steel, Plastic

Industry Taxonomies & Aliases

Commonly used trade names and technical identifiers for CNC Vertical Lathe.

Industrial Ecosystem & Supply Chain Structure

Complementary Systems
Downstream Applications
Specialized Tooling

Application Fit & Sizing Matrix

Operational Limits
pressure: Hydraulic system: 5-7 MPa, air pressure: 0.5-0.7 MPa
other spec: Max workpiece diameter: 800-3000 mm, max workpiece height: 500-2000 mm, spindle speed: 10-800 rpm, positioning accuracy: ±0.005 mm
temperature: Ambient to 40°C (operating environment), coolant temperature 10-35°C
Media Compatibility
✓ Steel alloys (carbon steel, alloy steel) ✓ Cast iron (gray iron, ductile iron) ✓ Non-ferrous metals (aluminum, copper alloys)
Unsuitable: Highly corrosive environments (salt spray, chemical exposure) without protective enclosures
Sizing Data Required
  • Maximum workpiece diameter and weight
  • Required machining tolerances and surface finish
  • Production volume and cycle time requirements

Reliability & Engineering Risk Analysis

Failure Mode & Root Cause
Spindle bearing failure
Cause: Inadequate lubrication, contamination from metal chips or coolant, excessive preload, or thermal expansion from high-speed operation leading to premature wear and seizure.
Ball screw/lead screw wear or backlash
Cause: Lack of lubrication, ingress of abrasive contaminants, misalignment, or excessive axial loads causing loss of positioning accuracy and repeatability.
Maintenance Indicators
  • Unusual grinding, whining, or knocking noises from the spindle or axis drives during operation
  • Visible coolant leakage around spindle seals or hydraulic/pneumatic fittings, or excessive vibration during cutting
Engineering Tips
  • Implement a strict preventive maintenance schedule for lubrication and filtration systems, using high-quality, manufacturer-recommended lubricants and regularly replacing filters to prevent contamination.
  • Conduct regular alignment checks and calibration of the machine axes and spindle, and monitor thermal growth compensation settings to maintain geometric accuracy and reduce uneven wear.

Indicative industry ranges for design and RFQ preparation. Confirm the exact figures and applicable standard with the manufacturer before specifying.

Compliance & Manufacturing Standards

Applicable Standards
ISO 230-2:2014 (Geometric accuracy of machines) ANSI/ASME B5.57 - Methods for Performance Evaluation of Computer Numerically Controlled Lathes and Turning Centers DIN 8606:1977 (Vertical turning and boring lathes; acceptance conditions)

Quoted from the published standard.

Manufacturing Precision
  • Bore diameter: ±0.02 mm
  • Flatness of faceplate: 0.1 mm per 1000 mm diameter
Quality Inspection
  • Laser interferometer geometric accuracy test
  • Ball bar test for circular interpolation accuracy

Manufacturers of CNC Vertical Lathe

4 companies list this product among what they make. Company figures are quoted from each company's own website; every card states where the relationship came from.

Shenyang SHSCNC Precision Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
Shenyang, Liaoning, CN
Founded 202190+ staff30,000 m²
ISO 9001 CE
Also makes: Spindle, Drive Shaft, Gear Housing and 5 more
Managed by the manufacturer
Listed on the company's own website
Shandong Luzhong Machine Tool Co., Ltd.
Zaozhuang (Tengzhou), Shandong, CN
Founded 1992more than 200 employees staff150 thousand square meters
ISO WIPO CE BV +3
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Tengzhou Borui CNC Machine Co., Ltd.
Tengzhou, Shandong, CN
Founded 2015
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Nantong Guosheng Intelligence Technology Group Co., Ltd.
Nantong, Jiangsu, CN
Founded 1996
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources

Manufacturer listings support early research and capability understanding. They are not certification, ranking, or transaction guarantees.

Technical documentation
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Frequently Asked Questions

What materials can be machined on a CNC vertical lathe?

According to the directory data, the machine is designed for cast iron and steel alloys. These materials are commonly used in heavy equipment and are suitable for the machine's rigidity and power. Always confirm material compatibility with the manufacturer for specific applications.

What is the maximum workpiece size and weight?

The typical maximum turning diameter is 800–2000 mm, maximum turning height is 600–1500 mm, and maximum workpiece weight is 3000–10000 kg. These are reference ranges; the actual capacity depends on the specific model and must be verified with the supplier.

What is the positioning accuracy of the machine?

The positioning accuracy is typically ±0.01–±0.02 mm, as per ISO 230-2. This indicates the machine's ability to position the tool accurately. However, actual accuracy may vary with installation, temperature, and maintenance, so it should be verified under operating conditions.

What are the power supply requirements?

The standard power supply is 380 V, 50 Hz, 3-phase, according to IEC 60038. This is typical for industrial environments in China. Ensure your facility provides this voltage and frequency, and check the machine's electrical specifications with the manufacturer.

Data Basis

Editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records.

Preliminary Technical Classification
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