Editorial Technical Reference

Flexible Printed Circuit (FPC)

This page explains how Flexible Printed Circuit (FPC) is classified within Computer, Electronic and Optical Product Manufacturing. Technical values and manufacturer relationships are research references; confirm the current specification and supplier evidence for each order.

Technical Definition & Core Assembly

A thin circuit built on flexible polyimide film that bends, folds, and rolls, connecting or replacing wiring in compact electronic assemblies.

Product Specifications

Technical details and manufacturing context for Flexible Printed Circuit (FPC)

Definition
A flexible printed circuit (FPC) is a component used in computer, electronic, and optical product manufacturing. It consists of copper conductors laminated on a polyimide or polyester film, protected by a coverlay, and optionally reinforced with stiffeners at connector zones. FPCs replace wire harnesses in devices where space, weight, or repeated movement rule out rigid boards: smartphone display and camera links, battery connections, printers, automotive sensors, and hinge interconnects. Constructions span single-sided, double-sided, and multilayer builds with thicknesses from roughly 0.05 to 0.4 mm, supporting fine lines to 0.05 mm and millions of dynamic flex cycles when designed with rolled annealed copper. The base material is polyimide film, chosen for flexibility and thermal stability. Copper thickness typically ranges from 18 to 35 μm, affecting current capacity. Minimum line width and spacing are typically 50–75 μm, though tighter geometries are possible with advanced processes. Minimum bend radius is 0.5–1.0 mm for dynamic flex, requiring larger radius for repeated bending. Operating temperature ranges from -40 to 85°C, with some materials extending to 105°C. Insulation resistance is at least 100 MΩ at 100 V DC after humidity testing. Dielectric withstanding voltage is 500–1000 V AC for 1 minute without breakdown. Impedance tolerance is ±10% for controlled impedance designs. Solderability is at least 95% wetting area after aging. Peel strength (copper to base material) is at least 0.7 N/mm. Flammability rating is V-0 per UL 94. Humidity resistance is 85°C/85% RH for 500 hours without delamination. Weight ranges from 0.05 to 0.2 g/cm² depending on layer count and copper weight. Relevant standards include IPC-6013 for flex board qualification, IPC-2223 for flex design, and UL 94V-0 for flammability. Always verify model-specific values and standards with the legal manufacturer or supplier.
Working Principle
Copper foil bonded to polyimide film is imaged, etched, and covered with a coverlay film that leaves pads exposed. Layers are laminated and through-holes plated for double-sided or multilayer builds, then outlines are die- or laser-cut. The polyimide substrate carries the conductors while allowing elastic bending within the designed radius.
Common Materials
polyimide base film, rolled annealed or electro-deposited copper foil, adhesive or adhesiveless laminate, coverlay film, FR-4 or polyimide stiffeners
Technical Parameters
ParameterTypical rangeNotes & selection driver
Base MaterialPIPolyimide film for flexibility and thermal stability
Copper Thickness18–35 μmStandard 1/2 oz to 1 oz; affects current capacityIPC-6013
Minimum Line Width/Space50–75 μmTighter geometries possible with advanced processesIPC-6013
Minimum Bend Radius0.5–1.0 mmDynamic flex requires larger radiusIPC-2223
Operating Temperature-40–85 °CExtended range up to 105°C for some materials
Insulation Resistance≥100 MΩAt 100 V DC, after humidity testIPC-6013
Dielectric Withstanding Voltage500–1000 V ACFor 1 minute, no breakdownIPC-6013
Impedance Tolerance±10%For controlled impedance designsIPC-6013
Solderability≥95 %Wetting area after agingIEC 60068-2-54
Peel Strength≥0.7 N/mmCopper to base materialIPC-TM-650
Flammability RatingV-0Required for many consumer electronicsUL 94
Humidity Resistance85°C/85% RH500 hours, no delaminationIEC 60068-2-78
Weight0.05–0.2 g/cm²Depends on layer count and copper weight

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Components / BOM
  • Polyimide Film
    The flexible substrate that carries the conductors while bending.
  • Copper Foil
    Imaged and etched to form the circuit conductors.
  • Coverlay Film
    Covers the etched conductors and leaves the pads exposed.
  • Plated Through-Holes
    Connect the layers in double-sided and multilayer builds.

Application & selection

Application Fit & Sizing Matrix

Operational Limits
flex life: flex-to-install up to millions of dynamic cycles
line space: down to 0.05/0.05 mm
termination: ZIF fingers, hot-bar solder, connectors, ACF bonding
construction: single-sided, double-sided, multilayer, adhesiveless available
thickness range: 0.05-0.4 mm typical

Risk, maintenance & compliance

Reliability & Engineering Risk Analysis

Failure Mode & Root Cause
Conductor fatigue fracture
Cause: Dynamic flexing at radius below design limit or with ED copper, initiating micro-cracks that propagate across the conductor.
Coverlay lifting at pads
Cause: Inadequate lamination pressure or contaminated surfaces, letting flux and moisture creep under the coverlay during assembly reflow.
Maintenance Indicators
Engineering Tips

Indicative industry ranges for design and RFQ preparation. Confirm the exact figures and applicable standard with the manufacturer before specifying.

Technical documentation
Request current drawings, revision history, and a signed specification sheet.
Manufacturing capability
Verify equipment lists, process limits, capacity, and representative production evidence.
Inspection readiness
Confirm test methods, calibrated equipment, sampling plans, and traceable reports.
Supplier transparency
Check the legal entity, factory address, ownership, certifications, and direct contacts.

CNFX does not score or rank suppliers. Buyers must verify all claims and documents with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Manufacturers of Flexible Printed Circuit (FPC)

9 companies list this product among what they make. Company figures are quoted from each company's own website; every card states where the relationship came from.

JLC Technology Group (JLCPCB)
Shenzhen, Guangdong, CN
Founded 200610000+ staff1,800 mu (approx. 1,200,000 m²)
Also makes: SMT Assembly Service
Stated by the company · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Shenzhen Fastprint Circuit Tech Co., Ltd.
Shenzhen, Guangdong, CN
Founded 1993
Stated by the company · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Victory Giant Technology (Huizhou) Co., Ltd.
Huizhou, Guangdong, CN
Founded 2006over 10,000 (global about 16,000) staff543,000 m²
UL safety certification ISO 9001 ISO 14001 ISO 45001 +7
Also makes: HDI PCB, Multilayer PCB
Stated by the company · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
EFPCB
Guangdong, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “Flexible Printed Circuit Board”
View source page ↗ efpcb.com · checked 2026-08-30
ICHIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Suzhou, Jiangsu, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “Flexible Printed Circuit”
View source page ↗ ichia.com · checked 2026-09-17
KKPCB
Shenzhen, Guangdong, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “Rigid-flexible printed circuit board”
View source page ↗ kkpcba.com · checked 2026-09-13
Richfulljoy
Wuxi, Jiangsu, CN
Also makes: Rigid-Flex PCB, PCB Assembly, Flexible PCB and 3 more
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “Flexible Printed Circuit”
View source page ↗ richpcba.com · checked 2026-09-13
Shenzhen SUNLED Lighting Co., Ltd
Shenzhen, Guangdong, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “Flexible Printed Circuit Boards”
View source page ↗ sunledlight.com · checked 2026-09-17
Suntak Technology Co., Ltd.
Shenzhen, Guangdong, CN
Also makes: Multilayer PCB, HDI PCB, Rigid-Flex PCB and 2 more
Stated by the company · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources

Manufacturer listings support early research and capability understanding. They are not certification, ranking, or transaction guarantees.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the typical thickness range of an FPC?

According to the directory data, FPC thickness ranges from roughly 0.05 to 0.4 mm, depending on layer count and construction. Always confirm the exact thickness for your specific model with the manufacturer.

What standards apply to flexible printed circuits?

Common standards include IPC-6013 for flex board qualification, IPC-2223 for flex design, and UL 94V-0 for flammability. These are references for procurement and verification; they do not guarantee certification of a specific product.

What is the minimum bend radius for dynamic flexing?

The directory lists a minimum bend radius of 0.5–1.0 mm for dynamic flex applications. However, a larger radius is recommended for repeated bending to ensure reliability. Verify the required radius for your application with the supplier.

What materials are used in FPC construction?

Typical materials include polyimide base film, rolled annealed or electro-deposited copper foil, adhesive or adhesiveless laminate, coverlay film, and FR-4 or polyimide stiffeners. The specific material grades should be confirmed with the manufacturer.

Industry Taxonomies & Aliases

Commonly used trade names and technical identifiers for Flexible Printed Circuit (FPC).

Data Basis

Editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records.

Preliminary Technical Classification
This page supports structured research, RFQ preparation, and supplier evaluation. It does not replace buyer-led supplier qualification, standards review, or technical approval.

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