Dry-mix and wet-mix shotcrete machines · Output, air volume and pressure, delivery hose and distance, maximum aggregate, nozzle water pressure, rebound and dust, and the test panels specifications call for
A shotcrete machine projects concrete or mortar pneumatically at high velocity onto a surface, for example in tunnels, underground works and slope protection. In the dry-mix process the machine conveys dry material through the hose and water is injected at the nozzle; in the wet-mix process the machine delivers premixed concrete through the hose, with an air supply for spraying. Ask three things first: which process suits the job, what output, delivery distance and aggregate size the machine must handle, and what air and water supply it needs.
Dry-mix shotcrete (gunite) machines, wet-mix shotcrete pumps and pump-and-boom shotcrete units for tunnels, mines, slopes and repair. Concrete line pumps used only for placing, grout pumps, plastering machines and robotic spraying arms sold alone are outside this page except where compared.
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01
Gengli lists its PZ-7D dry-mix shotcrete machine at 7 m³/h output, 0.4–0.6 MPa working pressure, a 57 mm delivery pipe, delivery up to 200 m horizontal and 20 m vertical, 20 mm maximum aggregate, water-cement ratio 0.4–0.45, maximum air consumption of 12 m³/min, a 7.5 kW 380 V motor and 800 kg weight, for tunnels, underground works and slope protection. [2]
Its P20D diesel wet-mix shotcrete and grouting pump is listed at 3–22 m³/h, 8 MPa concrete outlet pressure, 22 MPa system pressure, 42 kW main power, 140 mm × 800 mm cylinders, an S-tube valve, 0.3 m³ hopper, 0.4–0.6 MPa air pressure, 15 mm maximum aggregate for shotcrete (30 mm for grouting), 120–180 mm slump, dust around the machine below 6 mg/m³, rebound of 10% or less, and 2,400 kg weight. [3]
Editorial calculation: the dry-mix machine's 12 m³/min of air at 7 m³/h output is about 103 m³ of air per m³ of shotcrete. Each 140 × 800 mm cylinder stroke displaces about 0.0123 m³, so 22 m³/h needs about 1,790 strokes an hour, about 30 a minute. [2] [3]
Give the supplier the process (dry or wet), application (tunnel lining, mine, slope, repair), output needed, aggregate size and mix, slump for wet mix, delivery distance and height, power (electric voltage or diesel), compressor available, accelerator dosing, boom or hand nozzle, dust and rebound limits, and tunnel size if a mobile unit.
02
The US Department of Veterans Affairs guide specification 03 37 13 (Shotcrete) covers both processes and refers to ACI 506R. For dry mix it requires a compressor able to provide, without interruption, the pressure and volume of air for the longest hose, with allowance for a separate blow pipe used to blow away rebound and clean reinforcing, and a water supply able to keep water pressure about 15 pounds higher than the highest air pressure, both steady and non-pulsating. For wet mix it calls for pneumatic-feed or positive-displacement delivery equipment that delivers premixed material accurately, uniformly and continuously. [1]
The same specification requires two 450 mm (18 in) square test panels at least 75 mm (3 in) thick per mix design before work, one panel per half day of work during construction with five compressive strength specimens each, rejection of material mixed and standing for 45 minutes, and shooting with the nozzle about 600–1,500 mm (2–5 ft) from the work at right angles to the surface. [1]
Editorial note: size the compressor for the machine's stated air consumption plus the blow pipe, and ask the supplier for air and water requirements at your hose length.
03
Normet's flyer for the Aliva-252 (dated 2 August 2022) gives the technical data for a thin-stream rotary machine for dry mixes, used in mines, shafts, tunnels and slope stabilisation. With the 10-litre rotor it delivers 5.0 m³/h (electric) or 3.5–7.0 m³/h (air drive) through a DN 50 hose with a maximum grain size of 16 mm; with the 16-litre rotor it delivers 8.0 m³/h (electric) or 5.5–11.0 m³/h (air) through a DN 60 hose with grain up to 20 mm. Outputs are theoretical, at 100% rotor filling. Maximum conveying distance is 300 m horizontal and 100 m vertical, the hopper holds 85 litres, the machine weighs 760 kg on a chassis or 800 kg on skids, the electric drive runs on 400–460 V or 220 V at 50/60 Hz, and the air-drive version needs 4.5 bar and 9 Nm³/min for its motor. On a chassis it is 1,770 mm long, 800 mm wide and 1,310–1,421 mm high depending on rotor. [4]
Editorial calculation: the larger rotor raises electric-drive output by 60% (8.0 against 5.0 m³/h) but needs the larger DN 60 hose; the Aliva's 300 m horizontal and 100 m vertical reach are 1.5 and 5 times the 200 m and 20 m Gengli lists for its PZ-7D. Because outputs assume a full rotor, ask the supplier for output at your mix and hose length, and remember the air version's 9 Nm³/min drives the motor and is separate from the conveying air the VA specification asks the compressor to supply. [4] [2] [1]
04
The suppliers reviewed list dry-mix machines, wet-mix pumps or mobile shotcrete units; ask each for output at your delivery distance, air consumption, maximum aggregate, stated rebound and dust figures and how measured, wear parts life, and accelerator dosing.
05
Bore, stroke and the S-valve apply only to wet-mix pumps; the air-supply row is where Gengli's consumption figure meets the VA compressor rule.
| Part | Role | Fix in the order |
|---|---|---|
| Hopper and feed | Meter material. [2] | Feed height; output. |
| Pumping cylinders and S-valve (wet) | Push concrete. [3] | Bore; stroke; pressure. |
| Delivery hose | Carry material. [2] [1] | Diameter; length. |
| Nozzle | Add water or air; project. [1] [3] | Type; wear material. |
| Air supply | Convey and project. [2] [1] | m³/min; MPa. |
| Drive | Electric or diesel. [2] [3] | kW; voltage. |
06
Output means little without the distance behind it: Gengli gives 200 m horizontal for the PZ-7D and Normet 300 m for the Aliva-252. Noise and IP rating are not given in the sources on this page.
| Field | What it means and published values | Ask the supplier for |
|---|---|---|
| Output Capacity (m³/h) | E.g. 7 dry; 3–22 wet. [2] [3] | Output at your distance. |
| Working Pressure (MPa) | E.g. 0.4–0.6 air; 8 concrete. [2] [3] | Pressures. |
| Hose Diameter (mm) | E.g. 57 mm; DN 50 or DN 60. [2] [4] | Hose sizes. |
| Maximum Aggregate Size (mm) | E.g. 20 dry; 15 wet. [2] [3] | Limit. |
| Power Requirement (kW) | E.g. 7.5 kW; 42 kW. [2] [3] | Power; voltage. |
| Air Consumption (m³/min) | E.g. up to 12. [2] | At your hose length. |
| Conveying Distance (m) | E.g. 200 m horizontal, 20 m vertical; 300/100 m. [2] [4] | Distance. |
| Hopper Capacity (m³) | E.g. 0.3 m³. [3] | Volume. |
| Weight (kg) | E.g. 800; 2,400 kg. [2] [3] | Weight. |
| Dimensions (L×W×H) (mm) | E.g. 1,660 × 800 × 1,100. [2] | Dimensions. |
| Noise Level (dB) | Operator exposure. | Measured value. |
| IP Rating | Electrical enclosure. | Rating. |
07
Paste it into your enquiry below or into an email to a maker, then replace every bracket.
Process: [dry-mix; wet-mix] Use: [tunnel; mine; slope; repair] Output: [m³/h] Mix: [aggregate size; slump; accelerator] Delivery: [distance; height; hose size] Supply: [power; compressor; water] Limits: [rebound; dust; noise] Specification: [test panels; nozzle certification]
Henan Gengli Engineering Equipment Co.,Ltd. and Leadcrete list both dry-mix machines and wet-mix pumps; KAMACH MINING also lists a tunnelling shotcrete robot.
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Dry-mix machines convey dry material with water injected at the nozzle; wet-mix machines deliver premixed concrete. Gengli lists 7 m³/h dry and 3–22 m³/h wet units. [2] [3] [1]
Gengli lists up to 12 m³/min for its 7 m³/h machine; the VA specification adds allowance for a rebound blow pipe. [2] [1]
The VA specification calls for about 600–1,500 mm (2–5 ft), at right angles to the surface. [1]
One rotor machine's data list a maximum conveying distance of 300 m horizontal and 100 m vertical, with 5–11 m³/h output depending on rotor size and drive. [4]
Sources checked 2026-10-12. The VA guide specification is a US government construction specification; Gengli describes its own machines.
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