Desulfurization Reactor

Product Specifications

Technical details and manufacturing context for Desulfurization Reactor

Definition

The Desulfurization Reactor is a key component of the Integrated Hot Metal Desulfurization and Slag Treatment System. It is a refractory-lined vessel designed to receive molten iron (hot metal) from the blast furnace. Within this reactor, desulfurizing agents, typically lime-based powders or magnesium, are injected into the molten metal bath. Through mechanical stirring via a lance or impeller, or through gas bubbling, the reagents are thoroughly mixed with the metal, promoting chemical reactions that convert dissolved sulfur into stable slag compounds. The resulting low-sulfur metal is then tapped for further processing, while the sulfur-rich slag is separated for treatment. Its design prioritizes high-temperature durability, efficient mixing, and controlled reaction kinetics to achieve precise sulfur removal targets. The reactor's shell is made of pressure vessel steel (e.g., Q345R) and is lined with refractory materials such as alumina or magnesia-carbon. Key design parameters include a design pressure of 1.0–1.6 MPa, a design temperature of 1200–1500°C, a volume of 30–100 m³, an inner diameter of 3000–6000 mm, a shell thickness of 20–60 mm, and a refractory lining thickness of 150–300 mm. Agitation speed ranges from 30–120 rpm, and reagent injection rate is 50–200 kg/min. The desulfurization efficiency is typically 85–95%. These values are reference ranges and must be verified for the specific model and application. The reactor operates under high thermal and mechanical stress, so regular inspection of the refractory lining and shell integrity is essential. Maintenance signals include refractory wear, reduced agitation efficiency, or decreased desulfurization performance. Failure boundaries include exceeding design temperature or pressure, which can lead to lining degradation or shell failure. Always confirm model-specific values and standards with the legal manufacturer or supplier.

Working Principle

The reactor operates on the principle of chemical reaction and mass transfer. Desulfurizing reagents are injected into a bath of molten iron. Mechanical agitation (stirring) or inert gas purging creates turbulence, increasing the surface area contact between the reagent particles and the molten metal. This facilitates the reaction where sulfur (S) in the iron combines with the reagent (e.g., CaO or Mg) to form solid or gaseous compounds (e.g., CaS, MgS). These reaction products are then removed into a separate slag phase or off-gas stream, thereby reducing the sulfur content of the metal.

Common Materials

Refractory Lining (e.g., Alumina, Magnesia-Carbon), Steel Shell (Pressure Vessel Grade), Stirring Mechanism (Lance/Impeller - High-Temp Alloy)

Technical Parameters

Parameter	Typical range	Notes & selection driver
Design Pressure	1.0–1.6 MPa	Below 1.0 MPa insufficient reagent injection pressureGB/T 150
Design Temperature	1200–1500 °C	Above 1500°C refractory lining degradationGB/T 150
Volume	30–100 m³	Determines treatment batch size
Inner Diameter	3000–6000 mm	Affects agitation and injection lance layout
Shell Thickness	20–60 mm	Based on pressure and thermal stressGB/T 150
Refractory Lining Thickness	150–300 mm	Protects shell from high temperature and erosion
Agitation Speed	30–120 rpm	Ensures reagent mixing and sulfur removal efficiency
Reagent Injection Rate	50–200 kg/min	Critical for desulfurization kinetics
Desulfurization Efficiency	85–95 %	Below 85% requires process adjustment
Shell Material	Q345R	Pressure vessel steelGB/T 713
Weight	50–150 t	Includes refractory lining

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Components / BOM

Reactor Vessel
The reactor body itself: contains the reaction and carries the operating pressure and temperature.
Refractory Lining Part
Provides thermal insulation and chemical resistance against molten iron and basic slag, protecting the steel shell.

Material: Alumina, Magnesia, or Carbon-Composite Refractories
Injection Lance/System
Delivers desulfurizing reagent powder deep into the molten metal bath at a controlled rate.

Material: High-Temperature Alloy Steel (e.g., with ceramic tip)
Stirring Mechanism (Impeller or Gas Purging)
Creates turbulence in the metal bath to ensure efficient mixing and contact between reagent and metal.

Material: Refractory-Coated Steel or High-Temp Alloy
Tapping/Tilting Mechanism
Allows for controlled discharge of desulfurized metal and slag after the treatment cycle.

Material: Heavy-Duty Steel with Hydraulic Actuators

Manufacturers of Desulfurization Reactor

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Compiled and source-reviewed by the CNFX editorial team. Each manufacturer above links to the page on that company's own website where the product is listed, with the date we checked it. How we source and review · Page last updated 16 September 2026

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the typical design pressure range for a desulfurization reactor?

According to the directory data, the design pressure is typically in the range of 1.0–1.6 MPa. This range is based on the need for sufficient reagent injection pressure. However, the exact value must be confirmed for the specific reactor model and application, as it depends on the process requirements and the manufacturer's design.

What materials are commonly used for the reactor shell and refractory lining?

The shell is typically made of pressure vessel steel, such as Q345R, which is specified in the directory. The refractory lining can be made of alumina or magnesia-carbon materials. The lining thickness is usually 150–300 mm, but the exact material and thickness should be verified with the supplier based on the operating conditions.

How does the agitation speed affect desulfurization efficiency?

Agitation speed, typically 30–120 rpm, influences the mixing of reagents with molten iron. Higher speeds increase turbulence and surface contact, which can improve the reaction kinetics and sulfur removal efficiency. However, excessive speed may cause refractory wear or splashing. The optimal speed depends on the reactor design and must be validated for the specific unit.

What are common maintenance signals for a desulfurization reactor?

Common maintenance signals include reduced desulfurization efficiency (below 85%), increased refractory wear, or abnormal vibration during agitation. Regular inspection of the refractory lining and shell integrity is necessary. If the design temperature or pressure is exceeded, immediate shutdown and inspection are required to prevent failure.

Data Basis

Editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records.

Preliminary Technical Classification

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pressure:	2-15 bar
flow rate:	50-500 m³/h
temperature:	150-350°C
slurry concentration:	10-40% solids by weight

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