Water-Cooled Crucible for High-Temperature Processing

Q: What materials are available for water-cooled crucibles?

Water-cooled crucibles are available in copper, stainless steel, and graphite. Copper offers high thermal conductivity, stainless steel provides corrosion resistance, and graphite is suitable for very high temperatures. The choice depends on the specific application and material compatibility.

Q: What is the typical cooling water flow rate required?

The cooling water flow rate typically ranges from 10 to 30 L/min, depending on the crucible size and heat load. It is essential to maintain an adequate flow rate to ensure effective heat removal and temperature stability.

Q: Can the dimensions be customized?

Yes, custom sizes are available. The inner diameter can range from 50 to 500 mm, outer diameter from 80 to 600 mm, height from 100 to 800 mm, and wall thickness from 5 to 20 mm. Confirm exact dimensions with the manufacturer for your application.

Q: What is the maximum operating temperature?

The maximum operating temperature depends on the crucible material and typically ranges from 1600 to 2000 °C. Higher temperatures may reduce cooling efficiency, so verify the specific limit for the chosen material and design.

Product Specifications

Technical details and manufacturing context for Water-Cooled Crucible

Definition

A water-cooled crucible is a specialized containment vessel used in industrial systems to hold molten materials or substances undergoing high-temperature processing. Its integrated water cooling system prevents overheating of the crucible structure, maintains material temperature control, and protects surrounding equipment from excessive thermal radiation. This component is commonly applied in metal melting, crystal growth, and chemical synthesis processes where precise thermal management is critical.

The crucible is constructed from materials such as copper, stainless steel, or graphite, each selected for specific thermal and chemical compatibility. Copper offers high thermal conductivity, stainless steel provides corrosion resistance, and graphite excels in high-temperature stability. The cooling system circulates water through channels or jackets integrated into the crucible walls, absorbing heat and transferring it away from the system. This active cooling ensures safe operating temperatures, prevents structural failure, and minimizes unwanted material reactions.

Key parameters for selection include cooling water flow rate (10–30 L/min), inlet temperature (5–35 °C), maximum operating temperature (1600–2000 °C), and cooling water pressure (0.2–0.6 MPa). Physical dimensions such as inner diameter (50–500 mm), outer diameter (80–600 mm), height (100–800 mm), and wall thickness (5–20 mm) are customizable. Material grade (e.g., 316L stainless steel per ASTM A240) and surface roughness (Ra 0.8–1.6 µm) affect performance and contamination resistance. Leak test pressure (1.5 MPa) ensures water jacket integrity, and weight ranges from 20–200 kg depending on size and material.

When selecting a water-cooled crucible, verify model-specific values and standards with the legal manufacturer or supplier. Confirm that the cooling system meets your process requirements, and ensure proper installation and maintenance to achieve reliable operation.

Working Principle

The crucible contains materials for high-temperature processing while water circulates through integrated channels or jackets in its walls. This water absorbs heat from the crucible, transferring thermal energy away from the system to maintain safe operating temperatures and prevent structural failure or unwanted material reactions. The cooling water flow rate, inlet temperature, and pressure are critical parameters that must be controlled to ensure effective heat removal. As the water absorbs heat, it may exit at a higher temperature, and the system must be designed to handle this thermal load. The crucible material's thermal conductivity and wall thickness influence heat transfer efficiency. Proper cooling prevents overheating of the crucible structure, protects surrounding equipment from thermal radiation, and maintains the desired temperature profile for the material being processed.

Common Materials

Copper, Stainless Steel, Graphite

Technical Parameters

Parameter	Typical range	Notes & selection driver
Cooling Water Flow Rate	10–30 L/min	Required to maintain temperature stability
Cooling Water Inlet Temperature	5–35 °C	Higher temperatures reduce cooling efficiency
Maximum Operating Temperature	1600–2000 °C	Depends on crucible material
Cooling Water Pressure	0.2–0.6 MPa	Ensure adequate flow rate
Inner Diameter	50–500 mm	Custom sizes available
Outer Diameter	80–600 mm	Includes cooling jacket
Height	100–800 mm	Custom heights available
Wall Thickness	5–20 mm	Affects thermal conductivity and strength
Material Grade	316L	Stainless steel for corrosion resistanceASTM A240
Surface Roughness	Ra 0.8–1.6 µm	Smooth finish reduces contamination
Leak Test Pressure	1.5 MPa	Ensures water jacket integrity
Weight	20–200 kg	Depends on size and material

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Components / BOM

Crucible Body
The crucible itself: holds the melt and takes the thermal shock of each cycle.
Cooling Jacket
Encases the crucible with channels for water circulation to absorb and transfer heat

Material: Copper or Stainless Steel
Water Inlet/Outlet Ports Part
Connections for cooling water supply and return lines to the circulation system

Material: Stainless Steel
Thermal Insulation Layer Optional Part
Reduces heat transfer to external environment and improves cooling efficiency

Material: Ceramic Fiber or Refractory Material

Application & selection

Application Fit & Sizing Matrix

Operational Limits

pressure:	Internal: 0-5 bar (process dependent), Cooling circuit: 3-10 bar operating, 15 bar max
flow rate:	Cooling water: 10-100 L/min (depending on heat load)
temperature:	Ambient to 1800°C (material dependent), cooling maintains surface <200°C
slurry concentration:	Up to 60% solids by weight (viscosity dependent)

Media Compatibility

✓ Molten metals (aluminum, copper alloys) ✓ High-temperature chemical synthesis materials ✓ Glass and ceramic melts

Unsuitable: Hydrofluoric acid or highly corrosive halogen environments

Sizing Data Required

Maximum heat generation rate (kW)
Required cooling water temperature differential (ΔT)
Crucible volume capacity (liters)

Risk, maintenance & compliance

Reliability & Engineering Risk Analysis

Failure Mode & Root Cause

Corrosion-induced leakage

Cause: Chemical attack from water impurities (e.g., chlorides, dissolved oxygen) or process contaminants compromising the crucible's metallic or refractory lining, leading to pitting, thinning, and eventual breach of the cooling jacket.

Thermal fatigue cracking

Cause: Cyclic thermal stresses from repeated heating and cooling cycles, exacerbated by rapid temperature changes or uneven heat distribution, causing cracks in the crucible wall or cooling passages that can lead to water ingress or structural failure.

Maintenance Indicators

Visible water leakage or persistent moisture around the crucible base or connections, indicating a breach in the cooling system.
Abnormal temperature readings (e.g., localized hot spots on the crucible exterior) or audible hissing/steam sounds, suggesting inadequate cooling or internal water boiling due to blockages or flow restrictions.

Engineering Tips

Implement a closed-loop, treated water cooling system with corrosion inhibitors and regular water quality monitoring (pH, conductivity, impurity levels) to minimize chemical degradation and scaling.
Establish controlled heating and cooling ramps during operation and shutdowns to reduce thermal shock, and use infrared thermography periodically to detect and address uneven temperature distributions before cracks develop.

Indicative industry ranges for design and RFQ preparation. Confirm the exact figures and applicable standard with the manufacturer before specifying.

Compliance & Manufacturing Standards

Applicable Standards

ASTM A240/A240M - Standard Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and for General Applications CE Marking - Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) 2014/68/EU

Quoted from the published standard.

Manufacturing Precision

Bore Diameter: +/-0.05mm
Water Jacket Wall Thickness: +/-0.5mm

Quality Inspection

Hydrostatic Pressure Test
Visual and Dimensional Inspection

Procurement Evaluation Criteria

A practical evidence checklist for RFQ preparation and supplier evaluation.

Technical documentation

Request current drawings, revision history, and a signed specification sheet.

Manufacturing capability

Verify equipment lists, process limits, capacity, and representative production evidence.

Inspection readiness

Confirm test methods, calibrated equipment, sampling plans, and traceable reports.

Supplier transparency

Check the legal entity, factory address, ownership, certifications, and direct contacts.

Compare the published product scope and source details, then include your specifications and quantity in an enquiry.

Manufacturers of Water-Cooled Crucible

Manufacturer profiles associated with Water-Cooled Crucible.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What materials are available for water-cooled crucibles?

Water-cooled crucibles are available in copper, stainless steel, and graphite. Copper offers high thermal conductivity, stainless steel provides corrosion resistance, and graphite is suitable for very high temperatures. The choice depends on the specific application and material compatibility.

What is the typical cooling water flow rate required?

The cooling water flow rate typically ranges from 10 to 30 L/min, depending on the crucible size and heat load. It is essential to maintain an adequate flow rate to ensure effective heat removal and temperature stability.

Can the dimensions be customized?

Yes, custom sizes are available. The inner diameter can range from 50 to 500 mm, outer diameter from 80 to 600 mm, height from 100 to 800 mm, and wall thickness from 5 to 20 mm. Confirm exact dimensions with the manufacturer for your application.

What is the maximum operating temperature?

The maximum operating temperature depends on the crucible material and typically ranges from 1600 to 2000 °C. Higher temperatures may reduce cooling efficiency, so verify the specific limit for the chosen material and design.

Related equipment

Applied To / Applications

This component is essential for the following industrial systems and equipment:

Electroslag Remelting Furnace

View system integration details

Industrial Ecosystem & Supply Chain Structure

Complementary Systems

Downstream Applications

Specialized Tooling

Industry Taxonomies & Aliases

Commonly used trade names and technical identifiers for Water-Cooled Crucible.

Data Basis

Editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records.

Preliminary Technical Classification

This page supports structured research, RFQ preparation, and supplier evaluation. It does not replace buyer-led supplier qualification, standards review, or technical approval.

Compiled and source-reviewed by the CNFX editorial team. Each manufacturer above links to the page on that company's own website where the product is listed, with the date we checked it. How we source and review · Page last updated 12 October 2026

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