A cylinder must deliver the required force in both directions, fit the machine through its entire stroke and stop its load without exceeding its limits. A bore and a pressure figure answer only part of that brief.
This guide follows single-rod linear cylinders. Named tie-rod and welded-cylinder examples illustrate order decisions; their ratings are not specifications for every cylinder, telescopic ram or lifting jack.
CNFX editorial research · Sources checked October 10, 2026 · 6 sources
The same cylinder develops less pull than push at the same pressure
In a single-rod cylinder, pressure on the cap side acts across the full piston area. On the rod side, the rod occupies part of that area. Parker’s HMI/HMD selection method therefore starts with the push force and subtracts the rod-area contribution to obtain the pull force. Choose the bore and rod together. [1]
100 mm bore / 45 mm rod at 100 bar
Catalogue calculation
What the result describes
Cap-side push
79 kN
Rounded pressure–area figure from Parker’s push-force table, p. 20. [1]
Rod-area deduction
16 kN
The same table gives this deduction for a 45 mm rod at 100 bar. [1]
Rod-side pull
79 − 16 ≈ 63 kN
CNFX arithmetic using those rounded entries. It is not a measured delivered force or a load-handling approval.
Put the whole motion cycle on the enquiry
State the required push and pull loads, direction of movement, stroke, speed and mounting. The table is an initial sizing reference. Pressure in the returning chamber opposes the driven motion, and seal friction also consumes force; the hydraulic circuit and actual duty need a separate review.
Rod size is not merely a way to increase strength. A larger rod changes the rod-side working area. Parker also makes compression-rod selection depend on stroke, mounting and load guidance; its long-stroke guidance can require a stop tube that increases the overall envelope. [1]
02
A test-pressure figure does not increase the operating rating
Flutec’s HT tie-rod catalogue separates these values explicitly. Its version 3.50, dated 18 October 2021, remains linked from the current manufacturer website; the upload folder date does not make it a new edition. The following are HT catalogue values, subject to confirmation for the ordered configuration. [2]
HT catalogue item
Published value or option
Ordering consequence
Rated pressure / test pressure
160 bar / 240 bar
240 bar is identified as a test condition, not a continuous operating rating. Ask for the agreed test procedure and the serial-numbered result. [2]
Bores and rods
Bores 25–200 mm; specified rod pairs for each bore
For example, the 100 mm bore row lists 45 and 70 mm rods. A catalogue range is not permission to combine arbitrary dimensions. [2]
Temperature
−20 to +80 °C; −20 to +160 °C with the listed Viton option
Identify the supplied seal configuration and fluid. Do not apply the high-temperature line to the standard assembly. [2]
Fluid
Mineral oil; other fluids on demand
Specify the actual fluid before treating the catalogue cylinder as compatible. [2]
Rod material option
Chromed C45, nickel-chromed C45 or stainless steel
The option is a rod specification, not a claim that every component in the cylinder is stainless. [2]
The mounting standard and the manufacturer’s rating answer different questions
ISO 6020-2:2015 specifies metric mounting dimensions for compact, single-rod cylinders in the 16 MPa (160 bar) series. ISO lists that edition as confirmed in 2026. Its public abstract addresses dimensional interchangeability; it does not establish the allowable duty of an unspecified cylinder. [3]
Parker’s 2018 HMI/HMD catalogue describes working pressures up to 210 bar, conditioned by rod end and service, and devotes a separate page to push/pull pressure limitations. Keep that rating attached to that design. It cannot be transferred to Flutec HT because both catalogues refer to ISO compact-series dimensions. [1]
A supplier listing may need a corrected drawing before it can support a quote
HCIC’s Low Noise Boom Cylinder page gives a 50–125 mm bore range and travel up to 1,000 mm near the top, but its specification table gives a 200 mm bore and 1,200 mm stroke. The page also supplies a noise number without measurement conditions. Those statements do not define one verified configuration. Request the intended drawing and test basis instead of selecting whichever value suits the application. [5]
03
Separate pressure-containing parts, guides and seals in the assembly
The functional BOM below covers a conventional tie-rod cylinder, using Parker’s illustrated HMI/HMD assembly and Flutec’s HT seal drawing. It identifies what to inspect or specify; quantities and material grades belong to the chosen model’s drawing. A welded cylinder does not acquire tie rods because they appear in this reference. [1][2]
Assembly item
Work performed
Material and configuration evidence
Barrel / cylinder body
Contains the pressure chambers and provides the piston’s running surface.
Separates the chambers and transfers their pressure difference to the rod.
Parker shows separate standard, LoadMaster and low-friction piston assemblies. AiSoar’s standard-cylinder page identifies a steel piston. [1][6]
Piston rod
Transmits the axial movement and load through the gland to the machine.
Flutec’s rod options distinguish chromed C45, nickel-chromed C45 and stainless. Specify the option and end connection, not just ‘steel’. [2]
Head, cap and tie rods
Close the barrel; the tie rods retain the end members in this construction.
Parker identifies head, cap, tie rods and nuts as separate service parts. Their grades and tightening instructions cannot be inferred from the rod material. [1]
Gland / rod bearing and guide rings
Guide the rod and maintain separation between sliding metal surfaces.
Parker shows a removable gland cartridge. AiSoar lists ductile iron for its standard rod gland; that is not a universal gland material. [1][6]
Rod seal, wiper, piston seal and static seals
Retain fluid, separate chambers and exclude contamination at different locations.
Flutec identifies these separately, with standard and low-friction alternatives. Do not add both alternatives into one seal-kit quantity. [2]
Optional cushion spear/sleeve, bush and adjuster
Restrict discharge near the end of travel to decelerate the moving mass.
Parker illustrates head- and cap-end hardware; Flutec codes cushioning at either or both ends. Presence and capacity must be ordered explicitly. [1][2]
A seal kit requires more than the bore diameter
Flutec’s KHT seal-kit code includes the piston diameter, rod diameter and seal type. Its drawing labels alternative low-friction components separately. Parker asks for serial number, bore, stroke, model number and fluid when ordering service assemblies or seal kits. Preserve the nameplate and configuration history before ordering replacements. [2][1]
The small-rod options in Flutec’s cylinder table include a 12 mm rod, but the displayed seal-kit rod-code list starts at 14 mm. The public document does not establish the missing order code; request it from the maker rather than inventing one. [2]
04
Match the retracted envelope and the support through the full stroke
A replacement needs an installation drawing: mount type, pin or flange geometry, rod-end connection, port position, retracted length and extended clearance. Parker distinguishes fixed centreline mountings from foot mountings and pivoting arrangements. A foot-mounted cylinder applies a turning moment to its supports; secure attachment and effective load guidance are part of that arrangement. [1]
Longer stroke can require more than a longer barrel. Flutec HT lists a spacer above 1,000 mm stroke: for its 1,001–1,500 mm band, overall length increases by 50 mm. Its higher bands add further length. Parker likewise distinguishes net and gross stroke when a stop tube is required. Compare the finished envelope, not only the requested travel. [2][1]
AiSoar’s standard range shows why the construction and mounting names matter: welded clevis, cross-tube, swivel-ball and tang arrangements are separate offerings, alongside a tie-rod range. Select the attachment geometry that matches the machine’s path of motion and obtain the corresponding drawing. [6]
Identify every mounting surface or pivot, its dimensions and its permitted movement.
Supply the load path, external guides, orientation, full extension and any rod extension beyond standard.
Confirm hose clearance and access to ports, bleed points and cushion adjusters throughout movement.
Check service space for gland removal and the room needed for the selected replacement assembly.
05
Specify the mass and approach speed before asking for cushioning
End cushioning is an energy-absorption choice. Parker’s HMI/HMD guidance makes capacity depend on bore/rod combination, the end being cushioned, drive pressure, speed and fluid. Its head-end capacity is lower than the cap-end capacity because of the pressure-intensification effect. ‘Adjustable cushion’ alone does not establish that the load can be stopped. [1]
For the catalogue’s horizontal straight-line calculation, kinetic energy is E = ½mv². As an illustrative calculation, a total moving mass of 500 kg at 0.2 m/s carries 10 J; at 0.4 m/s it carries 40 J. These are assumed inputs, not a customer case or a selected cylinder’s capacity. An inclined or vertical movement adds or subtracts the gravitational contribution over the cushion travel. [1]
Parker’s published capacity charts apply to 0.1–0.3 m/s; for 0.3–0.5 m/s it calls for a 25% reduction in the chart-derived capacity. This condition belongs to that catalogue and is not a universal derating rule. Give the selected maker the complete cycle and ask it to approve the cushioning arrangement. [1]
06
Put the operating conditions beside the dimensions on the order
Usable travel, tolerance and retracted/extended envelope
Spacers and stop tubes can change the cylinder length. [2][1]
Operating pressure · bar or MPa
Required pressure in each working direction and actual circuit conditions
One pump setting is not a complete cylinder duty description. [1]
Rated, peak and test pressure
Keep the maker’s allowable duty, circuit peaks and agreed test separate
The HT rated/test figures are different quantities. [2]
Rod diameter and end
Diameter, connection, extension, mounting and load guidance
Compression-rod selection depends on the installed geometry. [1]
Fluid and operating temperature
Fluid identification and actual fluid/ambient limits
Parker’s fluid groups use different seal combinations and temperature ranges. [1]
Seal configuration
Maker’s kit/material option, speed and holding duty
Parker explicitly excludes its low-friction piston seals from supporting a load in a fixed position. [1]
Cushioning
Head, cap or both; moving mass, speed, orientation and cycle
A cushion option must have sufficient capacity for the actual approach. [1]
Mounting
Mount designation plus controlled installation drawing
Dimensional standard references do not replace the machine-interface check. [3]
Ports
Thread/sealing standard, size, orientation and required flow
Parker offers different port systems and larger ports; location affects hose routing. [1]
Mass · kg
Finished assembly, stroke, mounts and accessories included
Parker calculates from zero-stroke mass plus stroke-dependent mass; its values vary by mount and rod. [1]
Environment and attached sensors
Corrosion, contamination, rod protection and any separate electrical enclosure requirement
Do not assume a generic IP54–IP65 rating for a mechanical cylinder. Specify the actual environmental construction and obtain the selected sensor’s own documentation. [1]
Agree acceptance evidence before shipment
ISO 10100:2020 covers acceptance and function tests for hydraulic cylinders; ISO confirmed the edition in 2026. Only its public scope was reviewed here, so this page does not invent clause-level pressures, hold times or leakage limits. Agree the applicable test plan, identification, report and dimensional acceptance with the supplier. [4]
For servicing, use the exact cylinder maker’s procedure and the identified seal kit. Parker’s detachable gland and listed service assemblies illustrate that repair access is a design feature. A damaged rod or guide needs assessment alongside the seals; no single overhaul interval or disassembly method fits every cylinder. [1]
07
Describe the cycle and attach the installation drawing
Paste it into your enquiry below or into an email to a maker, then replace every bracket.
Required cylinder type and construction; quantity [ ]
Machine task; push/pull loads and holding requirement [ ]
Bore/rod if constrained; rod-end connection [ ]
Net stroke, tolerance, retracted and extended dimensions [ ]
Mounting, load guidance, orientation and load path drawing [ ]
Pressure in both directions; peaks and circuit/valve arrangement [ ]
Extension/retraction speeds, cycle rate and total moving mass [ ]
Fluid identification; fluid and ambient temperature [ ]
Cushioning ends, approach speeds and stopping duty [ ]
Ports: thread/sealing standard, size, location and hose clearance [ ]
Rod protection, corrosion environment, sensors and service access [ ]
Acceptance drawing, test plan/report, serial identification and spare seal-kit details [ ]
Cylinder makers, system suppliers and component records
Start with the scope on each record. A complete-cylinder catalogue, a machined end cap and a press containing cylinders are different starting points for an enquiry.
Jinan Huachen Industrial Co., Ltd.
Jinan, Shandong — website contact address
Offers boom cylinders and other mobile-equipment cylinder families. Its linked excavator page conflicts on bore and stroke between the opening range and specification table. Ask for the exact drawing and applicable pressure; the published low-noise wording is not a verified acoustic result.
Lists standard welded and tie-rod cylinders, with clevis, cross-tube, swivel-ball and tang mount variants, plus custom assemblies. Its standard page distinguishes steel pistons and ductile-iron glands. Choose a specific series and drawing; the general port and material options do not describe every combination.
Suzhou, Anhui — company location stated on website
Publishes luffing, telescopic, tail-lift, steering and other vehicle-cylinder categories. The company description identifies Suzhou in Anhui. Match the actual vehicle linkage and duty to a named cylinder; catalogue certificate claims have not been independently verified here.
The current website offers standard, custom and application-specific cylinders as well as honed tube and chrome-bar materials. Its footer names both Changzhou Datong Hydraulic Machinery and Datong Hoidings. Confirm the manufacturing and selling entities for a complete cylinder.
Changzhou office; Changzhou and Wuxi factories listed by company
The www website provides custom-cylinder services and downloadable cylinder series. The HT catalogue separates rated and test pressure, mount options and seal-kit codes. The technical file is dated 2021 despite its 2026 upload path; obtain the current order drawing. The non-www homepage currently shows a default site and should not replace the working product source.
Supplies hydraulic power units and systems with accessories, including cylinder control valve blocks. Use it when the cylinder is bought as part of a complete hydraulic system.
Machines hydraulic cylinder parts: pistons, heads and end caps by CNC machining. Use it for component supply to drawing, with the pressure test performed on the assembled cylinder.
Explore company information and manufacturing capabilities, then discuss the scope of your project with a relevant supplier.
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Compiled and source-reviewed by the CNFX editorial team.
The notes report public product evidence. Manufacturing-site identity, certification and the conformity of the delivered cylinder require separate confirmation. How we source and review
· Page last updated 13 October 2026
Buyer questions
Can I use the HT cylinder continuously at its 240 bar test pressure?
The HT catalogue lists 160 bar rated pressure and 240 bar test pressure separately. Its test value does not authorize continuous operation at 240 bar. Obtain a configuration whose operating rating and duty are approved for the application. [2]
Will a longer-stroke HT cylinder fit by adding only the extra stroke to its length?
Not necessarily. The catalogue specifies added spacer length above 1,000 mm stroke; its 1,001–1,500 mm band adds 50 mm to the overall length. Use the final drawing for the ordered stroke and mounting. [2]
Does a low-friction seal option also hold the load stationary?
Do not assume that it does. Parker’s HMI/HMD catalogue states that its low-friction piston seals are unsuitable for supporting loads in a fixed position. Specify the holding requirement and have the cylinder and hydraulic circuit assessed together. [1]
Sources and what still needs a direct check
Sources checked 2026-10-10. Standards bodies and regulations define the requirements; manufacturer pages show published ranges for those models only. CNFX does not certify products or suppliers.
The Parker and Flutec reference catalogues are dated 2018 and 2021 respectively. Confirm the current ordered configuration; a recent website upload is not a new technical edition.
HCIC’s bore/stroke entries conflict within its product page, and its noise figure lacks measurement conditions. No single configuration or noise guarantee has been verified.
No actual purchase drawing, delivered-cylinder acceptance report, certificate or safety-function assessment has been verified by CNFX.
The supplier notes describe the sources inspected, not a certification of each company.
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