Editorial Technical Reference

CNC Lathe

This page explains how CNC Lathe is classified within Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing. Technical values and manufacturer relationships are research references; confirm the current specification and supplier evidence for each order.

Technical Definition & Core Assembly

A computer-controlled machine tool that rotates a workpiece while a cutting tool removes material to create cylindrical parts.

Representative product image. Confirm appearance and specifications with the manufacturer.

Product Specifications

Technical details and manufacturing context for CNC Lathe

Definition
A CNC (Computer Numerical Control) lathe is an automated precision machining tool that uses programmed instructions to control the movement of cutting tools while rotating a workpiece on its axis. It performs operations such as turning, facing, drilling, boring, threading, and knurling to produce symmetrical cylindrical components with high accuracy and repeatability. The machine is typically constructed with a cast iron bed, headstock, tailstock, and a turret that holds multiple tools. Common materials processed include cast iron, steel, and aluminum alloy. Key specifications to consider when selecting a CNC lathe include maximum swing diameter (400–800 mm), maximum turning length (750–3000 mm), spindle speed range (50–4000 rpm), spindle motor power (7.5–22 kW), positioning accuracy (±0.005–±0.01 mm per ISO 230-2), rapid traverse rate (10–30 m/min), turret stations (8–12), control system (e.g., FANUC or SIEMENS), machine weight (3500–12000 kg), power supply (380 V AC ±10% per IEC 60038), operating temperature (5–40°C), and coolant tank capacity (100–300 L). These values are reference ranges and must be verified with the manufacturer for the specific model. The CNC lathe operates through a closed-loop control system where a computer program (G-code) dictates the precise movements of the cutting tool relative to the rotating workpiece. The spindle motor rotates the workpiece at controlled speeds while servo motors position the tool along X and Z axes according to programmed coordinates, removing material to achieve the desired geometry. This enables high repeatability and complex geometries. When selecting a CNC lathe, consider the workpiece dimensions, material, required tolerances, production volume, and available floor space. Verify the control system compatibility with your programming software and ensure the machine meets your electrical supply requirements. Regular maintenance includes checking lubrication, coolant levels, and spindle alignment. Failure indicators include unusual vibrations, tool wear, or positioning errors. Always consult the manufacturer's documentation for specific maintenance schedules and operational limits.
Working Principle
The CNC lathe operates through a closed-loop control system where a computer program (G-code) dictates the precise movements of the cutting tool relative to the rotating workpiece. The spindle motor rotates the workpiece at controlled speeds while servo motors position the tool along X and Z axes according to programmed coordinates, removing material to achieve the desired geometry. This enables high repeatability and complex geometries.
Common Materials
Cast Iron, Steel, Aluminum Alloy
Technical Parameters
ParameterTypical rangeNotes & selection driver
Maximum Swing DiameterRequired400–800 mmLargest diameter of workpiece that can be rotated over the bed
Maximum Turning LengthRequired750–3000 mmMaximum length of workpiece that can be machined
Spindle SpeedRequired50–4000 rpmRotational speed range of the main spindle
Spindle Motor PowerRequired7.5–22 kWPower rating of the main spindle drive motor
Positioning AccuracyRequired±0.005–±0.01 mmPrecision of tool positioning along axesISO 230-2
Rapid Traverse Rate10–30 m/minX/Z axes; affects cycle time
Turret Stations8–12 stationsNumber of tool positions on turret
Control SystemFANUC/SIEMENSCommon brands; specify model
Machine Weight3500–12000 kgAffects foundation requirements
Power Supply380±10% V ACThree-phase; other voltages on requestIEC 60038
Operating Temperature5–40 °CFor rated accuracy; above 40°C derating
Coolant Tank Capacity100–300 LLarger for high-volume production

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Components / BOM
  • Headstock
    Houses the main spindle and drive system to rotate the workpiece
    Material: Cast Iron with Steel Bearings
  • Bed
    Provides rigid foundation and guideways for carriage and tailstock movement
    Material: Cast Iron
  • Carriage
    Moves the cutting tool along the X and Z axes during machining operations
    Material: Cast Iron with Steel Slides
  • Tailstock
    Supports the end of long workpieces with a movable quill
    Material: Cast Iron
  • CNC Control System
    Computer system that interprets G-code programs and controls machine movements
    Material: Electronic Components in Metal Housing
  • Tool Turret
    Rotating mechanism that holds multiple cutting tools for automatic tool changes
    Material: Steel with Precision Bearings
  • Coolant System
    Circulates cutting fluid to cool tools and workpiece while removing chips
    Material: Plastic Tanks with Metal Pumps
  • Spindle Motor
    Rotates the workpiece at the programmed speed.
  • Servo Motors
    Position the tool along the X and Z axes per the programmed coordinates.
  • Cutting Tool
    Removes material from the rotating workpiece to form the geometry.

Industry Taxonomies & Aliases

Commonly used trade names and technical identifiers for CNC Lathe.

Industrial Ecosystem & Supply Chain Structure

Complementary Systems
Downstream Applications
Specialized Tooling

Application Fit & Sizing Matrix

Operational Limits
pressure: N/A (mechanical cutting process)
other spec: Max workpiece diameter: 300mm, Max workpiece length: 500mm, Spindle speed: 50-4000 RPM, Power: 7.5-15 kW
temperature: 15-35°C (operating environment)
Media Compatibility
✓ Steel alloys ✓ Aluminum alloys ✓ Brass/Copper alloys
Unsuitable: Highly abrasive composite materials (e.g., carbon fiber reinforced polymers)
Sizing Data Required
  • Maximum workpiece diameter (mm)
  • Maximum workpiece length (mm)
  • Required spindle power (kW)

Reliability & Engineering Risk Analysis

Failure Mode & Root Cause
Spindle bearing failure
Cause: Inadequate lubrication, contamination from metal chips/coolant, excessive preload or thermal expansion leading to premature wear and vibration
Ball screw/lead screw wear
Cause: Lack of lubrication, chip accumulation in screw covers, misalignment causing uneven load distribution, and backlash development affecting positioning accuracy
Maintenance Indicators
  • Unusual grinding or knocking sounds from spindle during operation
  • Visible coolant leakage around spindle housing or excessive vibration during cutting
Engineering Tips
  • Implement predictive maintenance with vibration analysis and thermal monitoring to detect early bearing wear and alignment issues
  • Establish strict contamination control protocols including regular chip removal, coolant filtration, and proper sealing maintenance to prevent abrasive particle ingress

Indicative industry ranges for design and RFQ preparation. Confirm the exact figures and applicable standard with the manufacturer before specifying.

Compliance & Manufacturing Standards

Applicable Standards
ISO 230-2:2014 (Geometric accuracy of machines) ANSI B5.57:2012 (Machine tools - CNC turning centers) CE Marking (Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC)

Quoted from the published standard.

Manufacturing Precision
  • Bore diameter: +/-0.01mm
  • Surface finish: Ra 0.8μm
Quality Inspection
  • Laser interferometer geometric accuracy test
  • Ball bar test for circular interpolation accuracy

Manufacturers of CNC Lathe

2 companies list this product among what they make. Company figures are quoted from each company's own website; every card states where the relationship came from.

Tengzhou Borui CNC Machine Co., Ltd.
Tengzhou, Shandong, CN
Founded 2015
Stated by the company · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Nantong Guosheng Intelligence Technology Group Co., Ltd.
Nantong, Jiangsu, CN
Founded 1996
Stated by the company · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources

Manufacturer listings support early research and capability understanding. They are not certification, ranking, or transaction guarantees.

Technical documentation
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Manufacturing capability
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Inspection readiness
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Frequently Asked Questions

What materials can be machined on a CNC lathe?

Common materials include cast iron, steel, and aluminum alloy, as listed in the directory. Other materials may be possible but must be confirmed with the manufacturer.

What is the positioning accuracy of a typical CNC lathe?

The positioning accuracy is typically ±0.005 to ±0.01 mm, according to ISO 230-2. This is a reference range; actual accuracy depends on the model and installation.

What control systems are available?

Common control systems include FANUC and SIEMENS, but other systems may be available. Verify compatibility with your programming software.

What are the electrical requirements?

The standard power supply is 380 V AC ±10% per IEC 60038, three-phase. Other voltages may be available on request; confirm with the manufacturer.

Data Basis

Editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records.

Preliminary Technical Classification
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