Editorial Technical Reference

Coordinate Measuring Machine

This page explains how Coordinate Measuring Machine is classified within Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing. Technical values and manufacturer relationships are research references; confirm the current specification and supplier evidence for each order.

Technical Definition & Core Assembly

A precision measurement device that uses a probe to determine the coordinates of points on a workpiece surface.

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Product Specifications

Technical details and manufacturing context for Coordinate Measuring Machine

Definition
A Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) is a high-precision metrology instrument used for dimensional inspection and quality control. It operates by moving a tactile or optical probe to contact or scan the surface of a manufactured part, capturing the X, Y, and Z coordinates of discrete points. These coordinates are then processed by specialized software to calculate and verify geometric dimensions, tolerances, and form errors against the part's original CAD model or design specifications. The machine typically features a rigid structure, often granite or aluminum alloy, with three orthogonal axes of motion. Probes can be touch-trigger or scanning types, and the system includes position encoders for precise coordinate recording. The CMM is used across industries such as automotive, aerospace, and machinery manufacturing for first-article inspection, process control, and final verification. Key parameters include measuring ranges (X: 500–1200 mm, Y: 400–1000 mm, Z: 300–600 mm), maximum permissible error (MPE) per ISO 10360-2 (±0.001–±0.005 µm), resolution (0.0001–0.001 mm), repeatability (±0.0005–±0.002 mm), measuring speed (10–50 mm/s), operating temperature (15–30 °C), humidity (40–70% RH), power supply (220–240 V AC), air supply pressure (0.4–0.6 MPa), machine weight (1500–5000 kg), and footprint (2000×1500–4000×3000 mm). Materials on file include granite, aluminum alloy, ceramic, and stainless steel. The CMM requires a controlled environment and proper maintenance, including regular calibration and air supply checks. Always verify model-specific values and standards with the legal manufacturer or supplier before procurement or use.
Working Principle
A CMM operates on a Cartesian coordinate system. It consists of a rigid structure that provides three orthogonal axes of motion (X, Y, Z). A probe, mounted on the machine's moving arm or bridge, is positioned to touch the workpiece. When contact is made, the machine's position encoders record the precise coordinates of that point. These data points are sent to a computer, where metrology software analyzes them to construct features (like planes, circles, cylinders) and perform complex geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) calculations, comparing the measured part to its nominal design.
Common Materials
Granite, Aluminum Alloy, Ceramic, Stainless Steel
Technical Parameters
ParameterTypical rangeNotes & selection driver
Measuring Range (X)Required500–1200 mmMaximum travel distance along the X-axis.
Measuring Range (Y)Required400–1000 mmMaximum travel distance along the Y-axis.
Measuring Range (Z)Required300–600 mmMaximum travel distance along the Z-axis.
Maximum Permissible Error (MPE)Required±0.001–±0.005 µmThe stated worst-case error limit for length measurements within the machine's volume, as per ISO 10360-2.ISO 10360-2
Probe TypeRequiredTouch trigger / Scanning textType of sensing probe (e.g., Touch Trigger, Scanning, Optical).
Resolution0.0001–0.001 mmFiner resolution for high precision
Repeatability±0.0005–±0.002 mmConsistency of measurementsISO 10360-2
Measuring Speed10–50 mm/sHigher speed reduces cycle time
Operating Temperature15–30 °CTemperature stability affects accuracyISO 10360-2
Operating Humidity40–70 % RHCondensation can damage electronics
Power Supply220–240 V ACSingle phase, 50/60 Hz
Air Supply Pressure0.4–0.6 MPaRequired for air bearing systems
Machine Weight1500–5000 kgAffects floor loading and installation
Footprint (L×W)2000×1500–4000×3000 mmConsider shop floor space

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Components / BOM
  • Machine Bridge / Gantry
    Provides the rigid structural framework that supports and guides the moving axes (X, Y, Z).
    Material: Granite or polymer composite for thermal stability and vibration damping.
  • Probe Head
    Holds the measurement probe and provides articulation for multi-angle measurements. Transmits probe trigger signals.
    Material: Aluminum alloy and precision bearings.
  • Measurement Probe (Stylus)
    The tactile or optical sensor that makes physical contact with or scans the workpiece surface to capture coordinate data.
    Material: Ruby or silicon nitride tip (for tactile), stainless steel shaft.
  • Air Bearing / Linear Guide System
    Enables precise, frictionless movement of the machine axes with minimal stick-slip and wear.
    Material: Ceramic or hardened steel rails with air bearings or recirculating ball bearings.
  • Controller & Drive System
    Electronically controls the servo or stepper motors that drive axis movement and processes encoder feedback for position.
    Material: Electronic components (PCBs, motors, encoders) housed in a metal enclosure.
  • Position Encoders
    Record the precise axis coordinates at the moment the probe contacts the workpiece.

Industry Taxonomies & Aliases

Commonly used trade names and technical identifiers for Coordinate Measuring Machine.

CMM 3D Measuring Machine Dimensional Measurement System

Industrial Ecosystem & Supply Chain Structure

Complementary Systems
Downstream Applications
Specialized Tooling

Application Fit & Sizing Matrix

Operational Limits
pressure: Atmospheric (operates in standard lab/workshop conditions)
other spec: Vibration tolerance: <0.5 m/s², Humidity: 30-70% RH, Cleanliness: ISO Class 7 or better
temperature: 15-25°C (typical operating range for precision measurement)
Media Compatibility
✓ Metallic workpieces (steel, aluminum, titanium) ✓ Plastic/composite components ✓ Ceramic/glass parts
Unsuitable: High-vibration industrial floors or areas with significant airborne particulates
Sizing Data Required
  • Maximum workpiece dimensions (X,Y,Z)
  • Required measurement accuracy (µm/mm)
  • Probe type/configuration requirements

Reliability & Engineering Risk Analysis

Failure Mode & Root Cause
Probe Calibration Drift
Cause: Accumulation of microscopic contaminants on probe tips, thermal expansion/contraction of probe components, or wear from repeated contact measurements altering probe geometry.
Guideway/Air Bearing Degradation
Cause: Ingress of airborne particulates (dust, metal chips) or moisture leading to increased friction, scoring, or loss of air film integrity, often due to inadequate environmental controls or seal failure.
Maintenance Indicators
  • Audible: Unusual grinding, scraping, or hissing noises from the machine's movement axes, indicating mechanical interference or air bearing failure.
  • Visual: Inconsistent or non-repeatable measurement results on a calibrated reference artifact, signaling probe, scale, or axis alignment issues.
Engineering Tips
  • Implement strict environmental controls: Maintain temperature stability (±0.5°C/hour), humidity (40-60% RH), and ISO Class 7 or better air cleanliness to minimize thermal drift and particulate contamination.
  • Establish a proactive calibration and verification schedule: Use a calibrated master artifact weekly to check volumetric accuracy, and perform regular (e.g., annual) laser interferometer alignment checks to preemptively correct geometric errors.

Indicative industry ranges for design and RFQ preparation. Confirm the exact figures and applicable standard with the manufacturer before specifying.

Compliance & Manufacturing Standards

Applicable Standards
ISO 10360 (Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Acceptance and reverification tests for coordinate measuring machines (CMM)) ASME B89.4.10360.2 (Acceptance Test and Reverification Test for Coordinate Measuring Machines) VDI/VDE 2617 (Accuracy of coordinate measuring machines; characteristics and their checking)

Quoted from the published standard.

Manufacturing Precision
  • Length measurement error (MPE_E): ±(1.7 + L/250) μm, where L is length in mm
  • Probing error (MPE_P): ±1.5 μm
Quality Inspection
  • Performance verification test (according to ISO 10360 series)
  • Repeatability test (multiple measurements of the same feature)

Manufacturers of Coordinate Measuring Machine

7 companies list this product among what they make. Company figures are quoted from each company's own website; every card states where the relationship came from.

Hydraflu Hydraulic Co.
Shanghai, CN
CE
Also makes: Directional Control Valve, Pressure Reducing Valve, Pressure Control Valve and 9 more
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
View profile Send enquiry
Masion Sheet Metal Fabrication
Cixi, Zhejiang, CN
Founded 2007Over 400+ staff30,000 m3
ISO 16949
Also makes: Industrial Enclosure, Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM), Industrial Tube Bending Machine and 9 more
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
View profile Send enquiry
Dongguan Zhuohang Precision Machining Factory
Dongguan, Guangdong, CN
Founded 2005over 100 staff6800 sqm
ISO 9001 IATF 16949 ISO 14001
Also makes: CNC Machined Part
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
View profile Send enquiry
Changzhou Jkongmotor Co., Ltd.
Changzhou, Jiangsu, CN
Also makes: Environmental Test Chamber, Agricultural Machinery, Laser Cutting System and 9 more
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
View profile Send enquiry
Lori
Guangdong, CN
Also makes: Thermal Management System, Heat Sink & Cooling System, Water Cooling System and 9 more
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
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PMT Technologies (Suzhou) Co.,Ltd.
Suzhou, Jiangsu, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
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Zhejiang Jishang Automobile Components CO., LTD.
年度温州, Shanghai, CN
Also makes: Brake Master Cylinder, Brake Caliper
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
View profile Send enquiry

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the typical measuring range of a CMM?

The measuring range varies by model. According to the directory reference, the X-axis range is 500–1200 mm, Y-axis 400–1000 mm, and Z-axis 300–600 mm. Always confirm the exact range for the specific model with the manufacturer.

What standards apply to CMM accuracy?

The maximum permissible error (MPE) and repeatability are specified per ISO 10360-2. The directory lists MPE as ±0.001–±0.005 µm and repeatability as ±0.0005–±0.002 mm. These are reference values; verify compliance for the actual model.

What environmental conditions are required for a CMM?

The operating temperature range is 15–30 °C, and humidity should be 40–70% RH. Temperature stability is critical for accuracy. Ensure the installation site meets these conditions and consult the manufacturer for specific requirements.

How often should a CMM be calibrated?

Calibration frequency depends on usage and manufacturer recommendations. Regular calibration is essential to maintain accuracy. Always follow the manufacturer's maintenance schedule and use certified calibration services.
Data basis: editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records. See the editorial policy.

Data Basis

Editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records.

Preliminary Technical Classification
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